Table 2. Differences in Primary and Secondary Outcomes Between Groups.

Outcome Measure	Time, mo	Standard Care Group		Palliative Care Intervention Group		Difference Between Groupsa
		Estimate (95% CI)	P Value	Estimate (95% CI)	P Value	Estimate (95% CI)	P Value
QOL−AD	6	−0.84 (−1.68 to 0.01)	.05	0.66 (−0.43 to 1.75)	.23	1.87 (0.47 to 3.27)	.009b
	12	−0.43 (−1.37 to 0.50)	.36	0.68 (−0.38 to 0.73)	.21	1.36 (−0.01 to 2.73)	.05
QOL−AD caregiver perspective on patient	6	−1.40 (−2.38 to −0.43)	.005	2.09 (0.93 to 3.25)	<.001	2.82 (1.46 to 4.17)	<.001b
	12	−0.76 (−1.75 to 0.23)	.13	1.81 (0.72 to 2.90)	.001	1.93 (0.51 to 3.36)	<.001b
ZBI	6	−1.08 (−2.28 to 0.12)	.08	−2.28 (−3.38 to −1.18)	<.001	−1.62 (−3.32 to 0.09)	.06
	12	−0.02 (−1.32 to 1.37)	.97	−2.25 (−3.56 to −0.94)	.001	−2.60 (−4.58 to −0.61)	.01b
ESAS−PD	6	−0.45 (−3.86 to 2.96)	.80	−6.81 (−10.46 to −3.15)	<.001	−7.15 (−11.89 to −2.41)	.003b
	12	−0.73 (−4.97 to 3.51)	.73	−9.66 (−13.52 to −5.80)	<.001	−8.27 (−13.90 to −2.64)	.004b
PDQ−39	6	−1.20 (−3.57 to 1.18)	.23	−3.04 (−5.13 to −0.94)	.009	−2.63 (−5.72 to 0.46)	.10
	12	−0.34 (−2.66 to 1.97)	.09	−3.04 (−5.46 to −0.94)	.005	−4.05 (−7.25 to −0.84)	.01b
UPDRS motor score	6	2.15 (0.04 to 4.27)	.05	−2.98 (−5.79 to −0.18)	.04	−5.98 (−9.54 to −2.43)	.001b
	12	2.45 (−0.36 to 5.26)	.09	−1.38 (−4.78 to 2.02)	.42	−3.91 (−8.38 to 0.56)	.09
MOCA	6	−0.14 (−0.82 to 0.55)	.69	0.17 (−0.55 to 0.90)	.64	0.17 (−0.88 to 1.22)	.75
	12	−1.05 (−1.78 to −0.32)	.005	0.14 (−0.57 to 0.85)	.70	1.36 (0.34 to 2.38)	.01b
HADS, depression	6	−0.20 (−0.73 to 0.32)	.44	−0.34 (−0.97 to 0.30)	.29	−0.57 (−1.40 to 0.25)	.17
	12	0.12 (−0.45 to 0.69)	.66	−0.33 (−0.92 to 0.25)	.26	−0.52 (−1.33 to 0.29)	.21
HADS, anxiety	6	−0.73 (−1.35 to −0.11)	.02	−1.19 (−1.71 to −0.68)	<.001	−0.66 (−1.44 to 0.13)	.13
	12	−1.42 (−2.04 to −0.80)	<.001	−1.30 (−1.91 to −0.69)	<.001	0.12 (−0.71 to 0.95)	.78
PG−12	6	−0.68 (−2.05 to 0.68)	.32	−2.63 (−3.91 to −1.35)	<.001	−2.24 (−4.15 to −0.60)	.02
	12	−1.31 (−2.73 to 0.11)	.07	−2.61 (−3.92 to −1.31)	<.001	−1.80 (−3.75 to 0.14)	.07
FACIT−SW	6	1.10 (−0.29 to 2.49)	.12	1.17 (−0.01 to 2.35)	.05	0.71 (−1.12 to 2.55)	.44
	12	2.30 (0.76 to 3.83)	.004	0.61 (−0.83 to 2.04)	.40	−1.65 (−3.69 to 0.40)	.11
FACIT−SW, meaning	6	0.41 (−0.04 to 0.87)	.08	0.23 (−0.26 to 0.71)	.36	0.16 (−0.53 to 0.84)	.65
	12	0.61 (0.08 to 1.14)	.02	0.42 (−0.17 to 1.00)	.16	−0.00 (−0.77 to 0.77)	.99
FACIT−SW, peace	6	0.65 (0.07 to 1.23)	.03	0.57 (0.03 to 1.11)	.04	0.14 (−0.64 to 0.93)	.72
	12	1.09 (0.48 to 1.70)	.001	0.17 (−0.48 to 0.83)	.60	−0.87 (−1.71 to −0.02)	.04
FACIT−SW, faith	6	−0.00 (−0.76 to 0.76)	.99	0.36 (−0.23 to 0.94)	.23	0.50 (−0.48 to 1.48)	.32
	12	0.53 (−0.19 to 1.24)	.15	0.04 (−0.52 to 0.61)	.88	−0.54 (−1.46 to 0.38)	.25
Patient CGIC	6	−0.46 (−0.72 to −0.19)	.001	0.29 (−0.01 to 0.59)	.06	0.85 (0.44 to 1.27)	<.001b
	12	−0.59 (−0.87 to −0.30)	<.001	0.41 (0.08 to 0.75)	.02	1.21 (0.78 to 1.64)	<.001b
Caregiver HADS, depression	6	−0.20 (−0.68 to 0.29)	.42	−0.36 (−0.99 to 0.28)	.27	−0.49 (−1.32 to 0.34)	.25
	12	0.47 (−0.17 to 1.12)	.15	−0.26 (−0.85 to 0.34)	.40	−0.90 (−1.83 to 0.03)	.06
Caregiver HADS, anxiety	6	−0.52 (−1.21 to 0.16)	.13	−1.21 (−1.90 to −0.52)	.001	−1.06 (−2.11 to −0.02)	.05
	12	−0.40 (−1.13 to 0.34)	.29	−0.68 (−1.37 to 0.02)	.06	−0.43 (−1.46 to 0.61)	.42
Caregiver FACIT−SW	6	−0.27 (−1.42 to 0.89)	.65	0.68 (−0.57 to 1.94)	.28	1.48 (−0.22 to 3.18)	.09
	12	−0.90 (−2.12 to 0.31)	.14	0.42 (−0.81 to 1.66)	.50	1.79 (−0.00 to 3.59)	.05
Caregiver FACIT−SW, meaning	6	−0.05 (−0.47 to 0.38)	.83	0.03 (−0.37 to 0.42)	.90	0.19 (−0.38 to 0.76)	.51
	12	−0.41 (−0.87 to 0.05)	.08	−0.09 (−0.54 to 0.36)	.69	0.41 (−0.25 to 1.07)	.22
Caregiver FACIT−SW, peace	6	0.11 (−0.56 to 0.78)	.75	0.75 (0.15 to 1.34)	.01	1.00 (0.12 to 1.88)	.03
	12	−0.14 (−0.71 to 0.43)	.63	0.67 (0.08 to 1.27)	.03	1.06 (0.21 to 1.90)	.01b
Caregiver FACIT−SW, faith	6	−0.24 (−0.78 to 0.31)	.39	−0.09 (−0.74 to 0.56)	.78	0.08 (−0.83 to 0.98)	.86
	12	−0.26 (−0.95 to 0.42)	.44	−0.21 (−0.75 to 0.33)	.43	0.10 (−0.87 to 1.06)	.84
Caregiver CGIC	6	−0.75 (−1.04 to −0.46)	<.001	−0.05 (−0.41 to 0.30)	.76	0.72 (0.27 to 1.17)	.002b
	12	−0.81 (−1.11 to −0.50)	<.001	0.36 (−0.07 to 0.79)	.09	1.20 (0.68 to 1.72)	<.001b

Abbreviations: CGIC, Clinical Global Assessment of Change; ESAS−PD, Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale−Parkinson’s Disease; FACIT−SW, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy−Spiritual Wellbeing; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; MOCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; PG−12, Prolonged Grief 12−item scale; QOL−AD, Quality of Life Alzheimer’s Disease scale; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Motor Subscore; ZBI, Zarit Burden Inventory.

^aTreatment effects and P values based on adjusted model.

^bSignificant under false discovery rate (α = .05) adjustment for 44 treatment effects.