Table 2. Differences in Primary and Secondary Outcomes Between Groups.
Outcome Measure | Time, mo | Standard Care Group | Palliative Care Intervention Group | Difference Between Groupsa | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Estimate (95% CI) | P Value | Estimate (95% CI) | P Value | Estimate (95% CI) | P Value | ||
QOL−AD | 6 | −0.84 (−1.68 to 0.01) | .05 | 0.66 (−0.43 to 1.75) | .23 | 1.87 (0.47 to 3.27) | .009b |
12 | −0.43 (−1.37 to 0.50) | .36 | 0.68 (−0.38 to 0.73) | .21 | 1.36 (−0.01 to 2.73) | .05 | |
QOL−AD caregiver perspective on patient | 6 | −1.40 (−2.38 to −0.43) | .005 | 2.09 (0.93 to 3.25) | <.001 | 2.82 (1.46 to 4.17) | <.001b |
12 | −0.76 (−1.75 to 0.23) | .13 | 1.81 (0.72 to 2.90) | .001 | 1.93 (0.51 to 3.36) | <.001b | |
ZBI | 6 | −1.08 (−2.28 to 0.12) | .08 | −2.28 (−3.38 to −1.18) | <.001 | −1.62 (−3.32 to 0.09) | .06 |
12 | −0.02 (−1.32 to 1.37) | .97 | −2.25 (−3.56 to −0.94) | .001 | −2.60 (−4.58 to −0.61) | .01b | |
ESAS−PD | 6 | −0.45 (−3.86 to 2.96) | .80 | −6.81 (−10.46 to −3.15) | <.001 | −7.15 (−11.89 to −2.41) | .003b |
12 | −0.73 (−4.97 to 3.51) | .73 | −9.66 (−13.52 to −5.80) | <.001 | −8.27 (−13.90 to −2.64) | .004b | |
PDQ−39 | 6 | −1.20 (−3.57 to 1.18) | .23 | −3.04 (−5.13 to −0.94) | .009 | −2.63 (−5.72 to 0.46) | .10 |
12 | −0.34 (−2.66 to 1.97) | .09 | −3.04 (−5.46 to −0.94) | .005 | −4.05 (−7.25 to −0.84) | .01b | |
UPDRS motor score | 6 | 2.15 (0.04 to 4.27) | .05 | −2.98 (−5.79 to −0.18) | .04 | −5.98 (−9.54 to −2.43) | .001b |
12 | 2.45 (−0.36 to 5.26) | .09 | −1.38 (−4.78 to 2.02) | .42 | −3.91 (−8.38 to 0.56) | .09 | |
MOCA | 6 | −0.14 (−0.82 to 0.55) | .69 | 0.17 (−0.55 to 0.90) | .64 | 0.17 (−0.88 to 1.22) | .75 |
12 | −1.05 (−1.78 to −0.32) | .005 | 0.14 (−0.57 to 0.85) | .70 | 1.36 (0.34 to 2.38) | .01b | |
HADS, depression | 6 | −0.20 (−0.73 to 0.32) | .44 | −0.34 (−0.97 to 0.30) | .29 | −0.57 (−1.40 to 0.25) | .17 |
12 | 0.12 (−0.45 to 0.69) | .66 | −0.33 (−0.92 to 0.25) | .26 | −0.52 (−1.33 to 0.29) | .21 | |
HADS, anxiety | 6 | −0.73 (−1.35 to −0.11) | .02 | −1.19 (−1.71 to −0.68) | <.001 | −0.66 (−1.44 to 0.13) | .13 |
12 | −1.42 (−2.04 to −0.80) | <.001 | −1.30 (−1.91 to −0.69) | <.001 | 0.12 (−0.71 to 0.95) | .78 | |
PG−12 | 6 | −0.68 (−2.05 to 0.68) | .32 | −2.63 (−3.91 to −1.35) | <.001 | −2.24 (−4.15 to −0.60) | .02 |
12 | −1.31 (−2.73 to 0.11) | .07 | −2.61 (−3.92 to −1.31) | <.001 | −1.80 (−3.75 to 0.14) | .07 | |
FACIT−SW | 6 | 1.10 (−0.29 to 2.49) | .12 | 1.17 (−0.01 to 2.35) | .05 | 0.71 (−1.12 to 2.55) | .44 |
12 | 2.30 (0.76 to 3.83) | .004 | 0.61 (−0.83 to 2.04) | .40 | −1.65 (−3.69 to 0.40) | .11 | |
FACIT−SW, meaning | 6 | 0.41 (−0.04 to 0.87) | .08 | 0.23 (−0.26 to 0.71) | .36 | 0.16 (−0.53 to 0.84) | .65 |
12 | 0.61 (0.08 to 1.14) | .02 | 0.42 (−0.17 to 1.00) | .16 | −0.00 (−0.77 to 0.77) | .99 | |
FACIT−SW, peace | 6 | 0.65 (0.07 to 1.23) | .03 | 0.57 (0.03 to 1.11) | .04 | 0.14 (−0.64 to 0.93) | .72 |
12 | 1.09 (0.48 to 1.70) | .001 | 0.17 (−0.48 to 0.83) | .60 | −0.87 (−1.71 to −0.02) | .04 | |
FACIT−SW, faith | 6 | −0.00 (−0.76 to 0.76) | .99 | 0.36 (−0.23 to 0.94) | .23 | 0.50 (−0.48 to 1.48) | .32 |
12 | 0.53 (−0.19 to 1.24) | .15 | 0.04 (−0.52 to 0.61) | .88 | −0.54 (−1.46 to 0.38) | .25 | |
Patient CGIC | 6 | −0.46 (−0.72 to −0.19) | .001 | 0.29 (−0.01 to 0.59) | .06 | 0.85 (0.44 to 1.27) | <.001b |
12 | −0.59 (−0.87 to −0.30) | <.001 | 0.41 (0.08 to 0.75) | .02 | 1.21 (0.78 to 1.64) | <.001b | |
Caregiver HADS, depression | 6 | −0.20 (−0.68 to 0.29) | .42 | −0.36 (−0.99 to 0.28) | .27 | −0.49 (−1.32 to 0.34) | .25 |
12 | 0.47 (−0.17 to 1.12) | .15 | −0.26 (−0.85 to 0.34) | .40 | −0.90 (−1.83 to 0.03) | .06 | |
Caregiver HADS, anxiety | 6 | −0.52 (−1.21 to 0.16) | .13 | −1.21 (−1.90 to −0.52) | .001 | −1.06 (−2.11 to −0.02) | .05 |
12 | −0.40 (−1.13 to 0.34) | .29 | −0.68 (−1.37 to 0.02) | .06 | −0.43 (−1.46 to 0.61) | .42 | |
Caregiver FACIT−SW | 6 | −0.27 (−1.42 to 0.89) | .65 | 0.68 (−0.57 to 1.94) | .28 | 1.48 (−0.22 to 3.18) | .09 |
12 | −0.90 (−2.12 to 0.31) | .14 | 0.42 (−0.81 to 1.66) | .50 | 1.79 (−0.00 to 3.59) | .05 | |
Caregiver FACIT−SW, meaning | 6 | −0.05 (−0.47 to 0.38) | .83 | 0.03 (−0.37 to 0.42) | .90 | 0.19 (−0.38 to 0.76) | .51 |
12 | −0.41 (−0.87 to 0.05) | .08 | −0.09 (−0.54 to 0.36) | .69 | 0.41 (−0.25 to 1.07) | .22 | |
Caregiver FACIT−SW, peace | 6 | 0.11 (−0.56 to 0.78) | .75 | 0.75 (0.15 to 1.34) | .01 | 1.00 (0.12 to 1.88) | .03 |
12 | −0.14 (−0.71 to 0.43) | .63 | 0.67 (0.08 to 1.27) | .03 | 1.06 (0.21 to 1.90) | .01b | |
Caregiver FACIT−SW, faith | 6 | −0.24 (−0.78 to 0.31) | .39 | −0.09 (−0.74 to 0.56) | .78 | 0.08 (−0.83 to 0.98) | .86 |
12 | −0.26 (−0.95 to 0.42) | .44 | −0.21 (−0.75 to 0.33) | .43 | 0.10 (−0.87 to 1.06) | .84 | |
Caregiver CGIC | 6 | −0.75 (−1.04 to −0.46) | <.001 | −0.05 (−0.41 to 0.30) | .76 | 0.72 (0.27 to 1.17) | .002b |
12 | −0.81 (−1.11 to −0.50) | <.001 | 0.36 (−0.07 to 0.79) | .09 | 1.20 (0.68 to 1.72) | <.001b |
Abbreviations: CGIC, Clinical Global Assessment of Change; ESAS−PD, Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale−Parkinson’s Disease; FACIT−SW, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy−Spiritual Wellbeing; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; MOCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; PG−12, Prolonged Grief 12−item scale; QOL−AD, Quality of Life Alzheimer’s Disease scale; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Motor Subscore; ZBI, Zarit Burden Inventory.
Treatment effects and P values based on adjusted model.
Significant under false discovery rate (α = .05) adjustment for 44 treatment effects.