Figure 2. Associations of Meat, Poultry, or Fish Intake With Incident Cardiovascular Disease (CVD).

All models were stratified by cohort. Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, Chinese, or other), and educational level (less than high school, high school, or some college or higher). Model 2 was adjusted for model 1 variables plus total energy, smoking status (current, former, or never), smoking pack-years (0, 0.1-4.9, 5.0-9.9, 10-19.9, 20-29.9, 30-39.9, or ≥40), cohort-specific physical activity z score, alcohol intake (grams), and hormone therapy (yes or no). Model 3 was adjusted for model 2 variables plus fruits, legumes, potatoes, other vegetables excluding legumes and potatoes, nuts and seeds, whole grains, refined grains, low-fat dairy products, high-fat dairy products, sugar-sweetened beverages, eggs, and 3 of the 4 food types (processed meat, unprocessed red meat, poultry, and fish); a term of processed meat squared was also included. HR indicates hazard ratio.