Table 1. Sample Characteristics of 6147 English Adults 52 Years and Older.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | Weighted %a |
|---|---|---|
| Total | 6147 (100) | NA |
| Exposure measures | ||
| No. of senses impaired | ||
| 0 | 3763 (61) | 62 |
| 1 | 1557 (25) | 25 |
| 2 | 603 (10) | 9 |
| 3 | 175 (3) | 3 |
| 4 | 49 (1) | 1 |
| Prevalence of each sensory impairment | ||
| Hearing | 1385 (23) | 22 |
| Vision | 768 (12) | 13 |
| Smell | 879 (14) | 13 |
| Taste | 452 (7) | 7 |
| Outcome measures | ||
| Quality of life (CASP-19)b | 41.7 (8.8)c | 41.2 (40.8-41.5)d |
| Depressive symptoms (≥4 CES-D8) | 765 (12) | 14 |
| Covariates | ||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 69.9 (8.7) | 66.6 (66.2-67.0)d |
| Age, 52-64 y | 1779 (29) | 47 |
| Age, ≥65 y | 4368 (71) | 53 |
| Female | 3455 (56) | 52 |
| White | 5977 (97) | 95 |
| Living with a partner | 4183 (68) | 70 |
| Wealth in quintiles | ||
| 1 (lowest) | 958 (15) | 20 |
| 2 | 1155 (19) | 20 |
| 3 | 1294 (21) | 20 |
| 4 | 1350 (22) | 20 |
| 5 (highest) | 1390 (23) | 20 |
| Smoking status | ||
| Current | 542 (9) | 11 |
| Previous | 3472 (56) | 62 |
| Never | 2133 (35) | 27 |
| Diagnosed | ||
| Coronary heart disease | 472 (8) | 7 |
| Stroke | 333 (5) | 5 |
| Diabetes | 805 (13) | 13 |
| Cancer | 425 (7) | 6 |
| Cognitive function | ||
| Memory score | 10.7 (3.6)c | 10.8 (10.6-10.9)d |
| Executive function score | 6.1 (2.2)c | 6.1 (6.0-6.2)d |
| Loneliness feelinge | ||
| Hardly ever or never | 4284 (70) | 68 |
| Some of the time | 1414 (23) | 25 |
| Often | 388 (6) | 7 |
Abbreviations: CASP-19, Control, Autonomy, Self-realization and Pleasure 19-item scale; CES-D8, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (8 items); NA, not applicable.
a
Means and percentages are weighted for nonresponse to the self-completion questionnaire.
b
n = 5707.
c
Reported as mean (SD).
d
Reported as mean (95% CI).
e
n = 6086.