Table 4. Multivariable Odds Ratios and 95% CI of the Associations Between the Number of Impaired Senses and Depressive Symptoms in 6147 English Adults 52 Years and Older^a.

Model	No. of Impaired Senses, Odds Ratio (95% CI)				P Value for Trend
	None	1	2	3 or 4	Linear	Quadratic	Cubic
Overall, No. (n = 6147)	3763	1557	603	224
Model 1b	1 [Reference]	1.93 (1.51-2.47)	2.45 (1.79-3.35)	5.33 (3.60-7.89)	<.001	.64	.07
Model 2c	1 [Reference]	1.66 (1.30-2.12)	1.78 (1.26-2.51)	3.36 (2.28-4.96)	<.001	.62	.07
Age 52-64 y, No. (n = 1779)d	1271	333	127	48
Model 1b	1 [Reference]	1.87 (1.18-2.96)	2.81 (1.57-5.05)	9.88 (4.60-21.23)	<.001	.21	.32
Model 2c	1 [Reference]	1.60 (1.00-2.57)	1.86 (0.92-3.73)	4.89 (2.26-10.60)	<.001	.36	.34
Age ≥65 y, No. (n = 4368)d	2492	1224	476	176
Model 1b	1 [Reference]	1.89 (1.50-2.39)	2.11 (1.54-2.90)	3.33 (2.20-5.04)	<.001	.50	.11
Model 2c	1 [Reference]	1.68 (1.33-2.12)	1.72 (1.23-2.40)	2.61 (1.70-4.03)	<.001	.72	.11

^aFour or more of the 8-item Centre for Epidemiologic Study Depression Scale was used to define presence of depressive symptoms.

^bModel 1: age (continuous) and sex.

^cModel 2: age, sex, ethnicity (white, nonwhite), marital status (cohabiting, not cohabiting), wealth (quintiles), smoking status (current, former, never smoker), cognitive function (memory score and executive function score, continuous), physician-diagnosed diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, and cancer (yes/no).

^dP value for interaction between the number of impaired senses and age (continuous) P = .10.