Table 1. Demographic Characteristics and Medical History of Women With ART and Non-ART Pregnanciesa.
| Variable | ART Pregnancy | Non-ART Pregnancy (n = 497 241) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICSI (n = 3938) | IVF (n = 6211) | Total (n = 10 149) | ||
| Maternal age at birth, mean (SD), y | 35.7 (4.7) | 35.8 (5.2) | 35.8 (5.0) | 30.3 (5.3) |
| Primaparous | 2825 (73.7) | 3655 (60.0) | 6480 (65.3) | 209 768 (42.9) |
| Obesityb | 534 (16.8) | 945 (19.2) | 1479 (18.2) | 77 034 (18.1) |
| Median family income at dissemination-area level, % | ||||
| >80 | 1179 (31.1) | 1598 (27.2) | 2777 (28.7) | 77 548 (16.4) |
| 60-80 | 1077 (28.4) | 1661 (28.3) | 2738 (28.3) | 109 972 (23.2) |
| 40-59 | 661 (17.4) | 1076 (18.3) | 1737 (18.0) | 90 770 (19.1) |
| 20-39 | 471 (12.4) | 817 (13.9) | 1288 (13.3) | 85 745 (18.1) |
| <20 | 408 (10.8) | 714 (12.2) | 1122 (11.6) | 110 344 (23.3) |
| University degree at dissemination-area level, % | ||||
| >80 | 1307 (34.2) | 1763 (29.9) | 3070 (31.6) | 87 828 (18.4) |
| 60-80 | 1135 (29.7) | 1708 (28.9) | 2843 (29.2) | 114 984 (24.0) |
| 40-59 | 665 (17.4) | 1225 (20.7) | 1890 (19.4) | 104 229 (21.8) |
| 20-39 | 465 (12.2) | 751 (12.7) | 1216 (12.5) | 90 568 (18.9) |
| <20 | 246 (6.4) | 460 (7.8) | 706 (7.3) | 80 656 (16.9) |
| Maternal | ||||
| Smoking | 43 (1.1) | 99 (1.6) | 142 (1.4) | 50 929 (10.2) |
| Alcohol consumption | 43 (1.1) | 57 (0.9) | 100 (1.0) | 9936 (2.0) |
| Social drug use | 8 (0.2) | 31 (0.5) | 39 (0.4) | 9962 (2.0) |
| Folic acid intake | 2919 (74.1) | 4536 (73.0) | 7455 (73.5) | 348 655 (70.1) |
| Mental health illness during prepregnancy or pregnancy | ||||
| All types | 405 (10.3) | 706 (11.4) | 1111 (11.0) | 68 778 (13.8) |
| Schizophrenia or bipolar disorders | 10 (0.3) | 16 (0.3) | 26 (0.3) | 2698 (0.5) |
| Depression | 191 (4.9) | 356 (5.7) | 547 (5.4) | 34 633 (7.0) |
| Anxiety | 233 (5.9) | 366 (5.9) | 599 (5.9) | 34 738 (7.0) |
| Prematernal health condition | ||||
| Any | 1142 (29.0) | 1770 (28.5) | 2912 (28.7) | 86 304 (17.4) |
| Chronic hypertension | 74 (1.9) | 112 (1.8) | 186 (1.8) | 4563 (0.9) |
| Diabetes, type 1 or type 2 | 37 (0.9) | 91 (1.5) | 128 (1.3) | 4846 (1.0) |
| History of disease | ||||
| Heart | 126 (3.2) | 195 (3.1) | 321 (3.2) | 10 108 (2.0) |
| Pulmonary | 108 (2.7) | 213 (3.4) | 321 (3.2) | 19 570 (3.9) |
| Endocrine | 584 (14.8) | 856 (13.8) | 1440 (14.2) | 22 445 (4.5) |
| Twin birth | 687 (17.5) | 1194 (19.2) | 1881 (18.5) | 7082 (1.4) |
Abbreviations: ART, assisted reproductive technology; ICSI, intracytoplasmic sperm injection; IVF, in vitro fertilization.
a
Data are presented as number (percentage) of women unless otherwise indicated. Only singleton or twin births were included in this cohort (N = 507 390); 71 records were excluded because of missing number of fetuses, and 185 records were excluded because the number of fetuses was more than 2. Percentages were calculated after missing values on individual variables were excluded from the group denominators showing on top of the table.
b
Obesity defined as body mass index of at least 30 (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared).