Table 3. Mixed-Effects Regression Model Results for PTSD Symptom Outcomes^a.

Result	Youth Report		Caregiver Report
	β (SE) [95% CI]	P Value	β (SE) [95% CI]	P Value
PTSD Symptom Totalb
Intercept	36.26 (1.75) [32.82 to 39.69]	<.001	42.28 (2.23) [37.91 to 46.64]	<.001
RRFT	0.44 (2.50) [−4.46 to 5.34]	.86	6.82 (3.17) [0.61 to 13.03]	.03
Month 3	−9.62 (1.81) [−13.16 to −6.08]	<.001	−2.29 (2.64) [−7.46 to 2.88]	.39
RRFT × month 3	0.38 (2.61) [−4.75 to 5.50]	.89	−2.62 (3.89) [−10.23 to 4.99]	.50
Month 6	−13.73 (1.89) [−17.43 to −10.03]	<.001	−10.05 (2.68) [−15.30 to −4.81]	<.001
RRFT × month 6	−2.91 (2.70) [−8.19 to 2.38]	.28	−5.63 (3.88) [−13.24 to 1.98]	.15
Month 12	−15.53 (2.03) [−19.52 to −11.55]	<.001	−9.13 (2.88) [−14.76 to −3.49]	.002
RRFT × month 12	−1.98 (2.92) [−7.70 to 3.75]	.50	−5.13 (4.16) [−13.28 to 3.02]	.22
Month 18	−13.89 (1.94) [−17.69 to −10.09]	<.001	−12.02 (2.93) [−17.76 to −6.28]	<.001
RRFT × month 18	−5.12 (2.84) [−10.68 to 0.44]	.07	−3.51 (4.36) [−12.07 to 5.05]	.42
RRFT estimatec
Month 3	−9.25 (1.89) [−12.95 to −5.55]	<.001	−4.91 (2.85) [−10.50 to 0.68]	.09
Month 6	−16.63 (1.92) [−20.40 to −12.87]	<.001	−15.69 (2.82) [−21.20 to −10.17]	<.001
Month 12	−17.51 (2.10) [−21.62 to −13.40]	<.001	−14.26 (3.01) [−20.15 to −8.37]	<.001
Month 18	−19.02 (2.07) [−23.07 to −14.96]	<.001	−15.53 (3.24) [−21.88 to −9.18]	<.001
Criterion B (Re-experiencing)d
Intercept	13.73 (0.79) [12.18 to 15.28]	<.001	18.98 (1.09) [16.85 to 21.11]	<.001
RRFT	−0.83 (1.13) [−3.05 to 1.38]	.46	2.20 (1.55) [−0.83 to 5.23]	.16
Month 3	−4.95 (0.85) [−6.60 to −3.29]	<.001	−0.91 (1.36) [−3.58 to 1.76]	.50
RRFT × month 3	1.36 (1.22) [−1.04 to 3.75]	.27	0.72 (2.01) [−3.22 to 4.66]	.72
Month 6	−6.85 (0.88) [−8.57 to −5.13]	<.001	−5.55 (1.38) [−8.26 to −2.84]	<.001
RRFT × month 6	0.75 (1.26) [−1.72 to 3.21]	.55	−1.47 (2.00) [−5.39 to 2.45]	.46
Month 12	−7.23 (0.95) [−9.09 to −5.37]	<.001	−7.25 (1.48) [−10.15 to −4.35]	<.001
RRFT × month 12	0.59 (1.37) [−2.09 to 3.27]	.67	2.53 (2.14) [−1.65 to 6.72]	.24
Month 18	−7.28 (0.90) [−9.04 to −5.52]	<.001	−6.10 (1.52) [−9.07 to −3.12]	<.001
RRFT × month 18	0.40 (1.32) [−2.19 to 2.99]	.76	0.16 (2.26) [−4.27 to 4.59]	.95
RRFT estimatec
Month 3	−3.59 (0.88) [−5.32 to −1.86]	<.001	−0.20 (1.48) [−3.10 to 2.71]	.90
Month 6	−6.11 (0.90) [−7.87 to −4.34]	<.001	−7.02 (1.45) [−9.86 to −4.19]	<.001
Month 12	−6.64 (0.98) [−8.56 to −4.72]	<.001	−4.72 (1.54) [−7.74 to −1.70]	.002
Month 18	−6.88 (0.97) [−8.78 to −4.98]	<.001	−5.94 (1.67) [−9.22 to −2.66]	<.001
Criterion C (Avoidance)d
Intercept	13.69 (0.72) [12.28 to 15.11]	<.001	14.81 (1.02) [12.82 to 16.80]	<.001
RRFT	0.79 (1.03) [−1.23 to 2.82]	.44	4.14 (1.47) [1.27 to 7.01]	.01
Month 3	−4.02 (0.81) [−5.61 to −2.43]	<.001	0.05 (1.18) [−2.26 to 2.35]	.97
RRFT × month 3	0.32 (1.17) [−1.98 to 2.62]	.78	−3.27 (1.75) [−6.71 to 0.16]	.06
Month 6	−5.19 (0.84) [−6.84 to −3.54]	<.001	−2.80 (1.20) [−5.16 to −0.45]	.02
RRFT × month 6	−1.91 (1.20) [−4.27 to 0.45]	.11	−3.65 (1.76) [−7.10 to −0.20]	.04
Month 12	−6.38 (0.91) [−8.16 to −4.59]	<.001	−1.88 (1.29) [−4.41 to 0.65]	.15
RRFT × month 12	−0.88 (1.31) [−3.45 to 1.68]	.50	−4.94 (1.88) [−8.63 to −1.26]	.01
Month 18	−5.42 (0.86) [−7.11 to −3.73]	<.001	−3.82 (1.33) [−6.42 to −1.22]	.004
RRFT × month 18	−2.73 (1.27) [−5.21 to −0.25]	.03	−3.59 (1.98) [−7.47 to 0.29]	.07
RRFT estimatec
Month 3	−3.69 (0.85) [−5.35 to −2.04]	<.001	−3.22 (1.30) [−5.77 to −0.68]	.01
Month 6	−7.10 (0.86) [−8.79 to −5.41]	<.001	−6.45 (1.28) [−8.97 to −3.94]	<.001
Month 12	−7.26 (0.94) [−9.10 to −5.42]	<.001	−6.83 (1.37) [−9.50 to −4.15]	<.001
Month 18	−8.15 (0.93) [−9.97 to −6.33]	<.001	−7.41 (1.47) [−10.29 to −4.53]	<.001
Criterion D (Hyperarousal)d
Intercept	11.69 (0.59) [10.54 to 12.84]	<.001	11.42 (0.61) [10.24 to 12.61]	<.001
RRFT	0.41 (0.84) [−1.23 to 2.05]	.63	1.30 (0.87) [−0.41 to 3.00]	.14
Month 3	−1.76 (0.62) [−2.98 to −0.54]	.01	−1.03 (0.73) [−2.45 to 0.40]	.16
RRFT × month 3	−1.80 (0.90) [−2.94 to 0.58]	.19	−0.64 (1.07) [−2.75 to 1.46]	.55
Month 6	−3.23 (0.64) [−4.50 to −1.97]	<.001	−2.20 (0.74) [−3.64 to −0.75]	.003
RRFT × month 6	−1.71 (0.92) [−3.51 to 0.1]	.06	−1.23 (1.07) [−3.34 to 0.87]	.25
Month 12	−3.64 (0.70) [−5.00 to −2.27]	<.001	−1.30 (0.80) [−2.86 to 0.27]	.10
RRFT × month 12	−1.57 (1.00) [−3.54 to 0.39]	.12	−2.58 (1.16) [−4.85 to −0.31]	.03
Month 18	−3.02 (0.66) [−4.31 to −1.73]	<.001	−3.07 (0.81) [−4.66 to −1.47]	<.001
RRFT × month 18	−2.36 (0.97) [−4.26 to −0.46]	.02	−0.78 (1.21) [−3.15 to 1.59]	.52
RRFT estimatec
Month 3	−2.94 (0.65) [−4.21 to −1.67]	<.001	−1.67 (0.79) [−3.22 to −0.12]	.04
Month 6	−4.94 (0.66) [−6.23 to −3.64]	<.001	−3.43 (0.78) [−4.96 to −1.90]	<.001
Month 12	−5.21 (0.72) [−6.62 to −3.80]	<.001	−3.87 (0.84) [−5.52 to −2.22]	<.001
Month 18	−5.38 (0.71) [−6.77 to −3.99]	<.001	−3.84 (0.89) [−5.60 to −2.09]	<.001

Abbreviations: PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder; RRFT, risk reduction through family therapy.

^aThe models included a dummy-coded indicator for each postbaseline measurement occasion: months 3, 6, 12, and 18. These terms reflect the change for treatment as usual between baseline and each later occasion. The contrasts reflect the same information for the RRFT group, and the RRFT × month terms tested for between-group differences in change. Test statistics are not reported but were computed as β coefficient (SE) unless otherwise expressed as estimate (SE).

^bIndicates primary outcome.

^cMeasured planned contrast for RRFT’s change between baseline and each later occasion.

^dIndicates secondary outcome.