Table. Characteristics of Included Studies.
| Source | Setting | Gestational Age, wk |
Infants, No. |
Time of Consent | Rescue Approacha | SI Intervention | Control Intervention | Primary Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lindner et al,22 2005 | Single site | 25-28 6/7 | 61 | Antenatal | Yes | ≤3 SIs, 15 s each; 20, 25, and 30 cm H2O via ventilator and NP tube | IPPV, initial settings 20/4-6 cm H2O via ventilator and NP tube | Treatment failure requiring mechanical ventilation within 48 h |
| Lista et al,23 2015 | Multisite | 25-28 6/7 | 291 | Antenatal | No | ≤2 SIs, 15 s each; 25 cm H2O via TPR | CPAP 5 cm H2O with or without IPPV via TPR | Mechanical ventilation in first 72 h of life |
| Jiravisitkul et al,24 2017 | Single site | 25-32 | 81 | Antenatal | No | ≤2 SIs, 15 s each; 25 cm H2O via TPR | CPAP 6 cm H2O; IPPV, initial settings 15-20/5 cm H2O via TPR | FiO2, HR, and SpO2 during resuscitation; FiO2 at 10 min of life, DR intubation |
| Schwaberger et al,25 2015 | Single site | 28-33 6/7 | 40 | Antenatal | No | ≤3 SIs, 15 s each; 30 cm H2O via TPR | CPAP 5 cm H2O with or without IPPV via TPR | Change in CBV and cTOI |
| Mercadante et al,26 2016 | Single site | 34-36 6/7 | 185 | Antenatal | No | ≤2 SIs, 15 s each; 25 cm H2O via TPR | NRP, starting with initial steps, respiratory support via TPR | Need for respiratory support |
| Abd El-Fattah et al,27 2017 | Single site | <32 | 100 | Antenatal | No | 1 SI, 4 definitions used: 10-20 s, 15-20 cm H2O via TPR | CPAP 5 cm H2O, IPPV if needed via TPR | DR intubation |
| Ngan et al,28 2017 | Single site | 23-32 6/7 | 162 | Postnatal | Yes | ≤2 SIs: 24 cm H2O for 20 s, 24 cm H2O for 10-20 s via TPR | IPPV, initial settings 24/6 cm H2O via TPR | BPD at 36 wk PMA |
| Hunt et al,29 2019 | Single site | <34 | 60 | Postnatal | Yes | ≤2 SIs, 15 s each; 25 cm H2O via TPR | ≤2 Sequences of 5 inflations, 2-3 s each, initial settings 25/5 cm H2O via TPR | Minute volume in first minute of ventilation |
| Kirpalani et al,9 2019 | Multisite | 23-26 6/7 | 426 | Antenatal and postnatal, varied by site | Yes | ≤2 SIs, 15 s each; 20 cm H2O and 25 cm H2O via TPR | IPPV, initial settings 20/5-7 cm H2O via TPR | BPD or death at 36 wk PMA |
Abbreviations: BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; CBV, cerebral blood volume; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; cTOI, cerebral tissue oxygenation index; DR, delivery room; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; HR, heart rate; IPPV, intermittent positive pressure ventilation; NP, nasopharyngeal; NRP, neonatal resuscitation program; PMA, postmenstrual age; SI, sustained inflation; SpO2, oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry; TPR, T-piece resuscitator.
a
Rescue approach: infants had to be deemed to require positive pressure ventilation to be enrolled.