Table 2.
Risk factors for reinfection: analysis adjusted for EIR only. Data from 2130 individuals in the AS-AQ trial arms and 2090 in the AL trial arms were analyzed using accelerated failure-time analysis. Regression coefficients are the ratio of time to reinfection, such that a coefficient > 1 indicates a longer time to reinfection. All results are adjusted for log EIR. Site-level random effects were included unless otherwise indicated. Models assume a lognormal time to reinfection
| Covariate (unit) | Analysis adjusted for EIR only | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| N | Coefficient [ratio of reinfection times] (95% CI) | p value | |
| Loge EIR (annual bites per person) | 4220 | 0.79 (0.74, 0.85) | < 0.001 |
| AL | 2090 | 1 (ref) | |
| AS-AQ (overall) | 2130 | 1.09 (1.05, 1.13) | < 0.001 |
| AS-AQ (20% 86Y)* | 1934 | 1.37 (1.28, 1.47) | < 0.001 |
| AS-AQ (80% 86Y)* | 1934 | 0.89 (0.84, 0.94) | < 0.001 |
| Age (polynomial, years, > 20 grouped together) | 4213 | < 0.001 | |
| age | 0.94 (0.90, 0.98) | ||
| (age)2 | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | ||
| (age)3 | 0.9998 (0.9994, 1.0001) | ||
| Male gender | 3861 | 0.98 (0.95, 1.02) | 0.438 |
| Anemic (hb < 10 g/dl) | 3747 | 0.98 (0.93, 1.02) | 0.277 |
| Enlarged spleen† (yes/no) | 1390 | 1.00 (0.87, 1.15) | 0.999 |
| Presence of fever (> 37.5 °C) | 4220 | 0.97 (0.93, 1.01) | 0.146 |
| Underweight (weight-for-age Z score < −2) | 3193 | 0.98 (0.93, 1.04) | 0.613 |
| AQ dose (per 10 mg per kg increase) (AS-AQ arms only) | 1839 | 1.00 (0.95, 1.06) | 0.880 |
| Lumefantrine dose (per 10 mg per kg increase) (AL arms only) | 1850 | 1.02 (1.00, 1.04) | 0.015 |
| AS-AQ formulation | |||
| FDC | 1521 | 1 (ref) | |
| Loose NFDC | 373 | 0.83 (0.59, 1.18) | 0.295 |
| Coblistered NFDC (AS-AQ arms only) | 233 | 1.06 (0.68, 1.64) | 0.803 |
| pfmdr1 86Y prevalence (per 10% increase) | |||
| AL arm‡ | 1891 | 1.03 (0.99, 1.07) | 0.091 |
| AS-AQ arm‡ | 1934 | 0.96 (0.94, 0.98) | < 0.001 |
| pfcrt 76T prevalence (per 10% increase) | |||
| AL arm‡ | 1964 | 1.03 (1.00, 1.07) | 0.037 |
| AS-AQ arm‡ | 2001 | 0.97 (0.95, 1.00) | 0.052 |
*In a model including log10 EIR, drug, pfmdr1 86Y prevalence (per 10% increase) and interaction between drug and pfmdr1 86Y prevalence
†Site-level random effects not included because many sites did not measure this covariate
‡p value interaction between drug and pfmdr1 86Y vs N86 prevalence < 0.001, p value interaction between drug and pfcrt 76T vs K76 prevalence < 0.001