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. 2020 Feb 26;19:38. doi: 10.1186/s12943-020-01166-w

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Roles of m⁵C RNA modifications in cancer. DNMT2 and NSUN2 are RNA methyltransferases responsible for m⁵C modification. The m⁵C reader protein ALYREF recognizes m⁵C- methylated mRNA and initiates transportation from nucleus towards cytoplasm. In bladder cancer, HDGF mRNA is methylated and captured by reader protein YBX1. By interacting with YBX1, HuR stabilizes HDGF mRNA and induces tumor metastasis