TABLE 3.
Treatment1 |
|||||
CON | PHY | AY | SEM | P-value additive | |
pH Regulation | |||||
AE2 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.001 | 0.85 |
ATP1A1 | 1.15 | 0.97 | 1.16 | 0.062 | 0.30 |
DRA | 3.15a | 3.65a | 5.66b | 0.766 | 0.02 |
NHE1 | 0.08a | 0.08a | 0.10b | 0.008 | 0.05 |
NHE2 | 0.50 | 0.56 | 0.51 | 0.019 | 0.58 |
NHE3 | 0.26 | 0.30 | 0.23 | 0.020 | 0.40 |
PAT1 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.001 | 0.44 |
Nutrient transport/cellular metabolism | |||||
BDH1 | 0.92a | 1.19a | 1.55b | 0.180 | 0.003 |
BDH2 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.003 | 0.70 |
HMGCS1 | 0.62 | 0.43 | 0.64 | 0.068 | 0.32 |
HMGCS2 | 4.29 | 3.55 | 5.24 | 0.487 | 0.04 |
MCT1 | 1.82a | 2.39a | 3.23b | 0.410 | 0.003 |
MCT2 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.0001 | 0.77 |
MCT4 | 0.002a | 0.002a | 0.003b | 0.0003 | 0.03 |
Inflammation | |||||
CD14 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.004 | 0.46 |
IL10 | 0.0001 | 0.0002 | 0.0001 | 0.00002 | 0.28 |
IL1β | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.50 |
IL6 | 0.0004 | 0.0009 | 0.0003 | 0.00019 | 0.47 |
INFγ | 0.0003 | 0.0003 | 0.0003 | 0.00001 | 0.84 |
MyD88 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.009 | 0.15 |
NFκB | 0.06a | 0.09b | 0.10b | 0.012 | 0.02 |
TLR4 | 0.006 | 0.008 | 0.006 | 0.0008 | 0.11 |
TNFα | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.0002 | 0.39 |
Barrier function | |||||
CDSN | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.0004 | 0.00016 | 0.38 |
CLDN1 | 1.17a | 1.33a | 1.78b | 0.182 | 0.02 |
CLDN2 | 0.00001 | 0.00001 | 0.00002 | 0.000001 | 0.59 |
CLDN4 | 1.46a | 1.39a | 2.38b | 0.317 | 0.001 |
CLDN7 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.002 | 0.32 |
DSG1 | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.17 | 0.019 | 0.40 |
OCLN | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.002 | 0.97 |
ZO1 | 0.43a | 0.47a | 0.63b | 0.059 | 0.01 |
SEM, standard error of the mean. P-value additive is based on the fixed effects ANOVA model using the Tukey–Kramer method. 1Treatment is the additive that was added to SARA diets; CON: control, no supplementation; PHY: phytogenic product; AY: autolyzed yeast. a,bDiffering superscripts in the same row indicate significant variation in comparison to the control group based on Dunnett-Hsu analysis.