Table 3.
Summarized the studies investigating the relationship between uniaxial or biaxial mechanical strain and macrophage polarization state and function.
| Species | Mechanical Strain Parameters | Cell Origin | Targeted Tissue | Polarization State and Function | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human | 0–10% Strain for 48 hrs Frequency: 1 Hz |
U 937 | Arterial wall environment | M1 | (95) |
| 10% Strain for 48 hrs Frequency: 0.25 Hz |
U 937 | ECM | M1 | (99, 100) | |
| 7, 12% Strain for 7 days Frequency: 0.8 Hz |
Human donor blood; buffy coats | Arterial wall environment | M1 | (101) | |
| 0, 9, 18, and 27% strain for 96 hours | THP-1 | Bone | M1 | (42) | |
| 20% Strain for 16 hours Frequency: 1 Hz |
Human donor blood; buffy coats | Bone | M1 | (44) | |
| 12–15% Strain for 32 hrs Frequency: 0.33 Hz † |
THP-1 | Lung | M1 up to 24 hrs | (103) | |
| 10% Strain for 72 hrs Frequency: 0.25 Hz † |
U 937 | General immunological function – particularly with ECM | M1 | (99) | |
| 2.3–9.4% Strain for 12 hrs Frequency: 1 Hz † |
THP-1 | Arterial wall environment | M1 | (97, 107) | |
| 4% Strain for 24 hrs Frequency: 1 Hz |
Human donor blood; buffy coats | General immunological function | M2 | (102) | |
| 0, 7% Strain for 7 days Frequency: 0.8 Hz |
Human donor blood; buffy coats | Arterial wall environment | M2 (0 % and 7%) | (101) | |
| 0–10% Strain for 48 hrs Frequency: 1 Hz |
U 937 | Arterial wall environment | M2 (48 hrs) | (95) | |
| 12–15% Strain for 32 hrs Frequency: 0.33 Hz † |
THP-1 | Lung | M2 (after 24 hrs) | (103) | |
| Murine | 11–12.5% and 15–17% Strain for up to 2 hrs, Frequency: 1.67 Hz |
J774.16 | General immunological function | Increased phagocytic activity | (71) |
| 20% Strain for 3 days Frequency: 0.5 Hz |
iSMC | Intestinal tissue | M1 | (49) | |
| 1,000–5,000 με for 1 hr over 3 days Frequency: 0.5 Hz |
RAW264.7 | Bone | M1(1,000, 1,500, and 5,000 με) | (105) | |
| 1,000–5,000 με for 1 hr over 3 days Frequency: 0.5 Hz |
RAW264.7 | Bone | M2 (2,000 and 2,500 με) | (105) | |
| 5% Strain for 24 or 48 hrs Frequency: 1 Hz† |
C57BL/6J | General immunological function | M2 | (96) | |
| 0–10% Strain for 48 hrs Frequency: 1 Hz |
Rat Peritoneal Macrophage (RPM) | Arterial wall environment | M2 | (95) | |
†
Indicated biaxial loading, otherwise the parameters used were for uniaxial loading