USA 2001.

Methods	Random allocation sequence concealed until enrolment. Packs containing both active and placebo were made available after random allocation. It is not clear if the placebos are identical. No mention of blind outcome assessments.
Participants	400 women in active labour or undergoing induction of labour in Los Angeles, USA were enrolled. Women with multiple gestation, known coagulation disorders, contraindication to prostaglandin or oxytocin use, known initial haemoglobin below 7.0 mg/dL and an indication for caesarean section were excluded.
Interventions	Misoprostol 400 mcg rectally + placebo (2 mL saline) vs oxytocin 20 IU + placebo (lactose tablets). Oxytocin (and its placebo) was administered as IV infusion in 1 L of Ringer's lactate solution.
Outcomes	Blood loss (estimated and measured by weighing linen etc.), haematocrit, side‐effects.
Notes	Management of the third stage not mentioned.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	"random number sequence."
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Unclear on how the allocation concealment was done.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Unclear if the blinding was not broken.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Exclusions after randomisation: 75/400 (18.75%), 73 had caesarean section during labour, 1 had Hb < 7.0 mg/dL and 1 was discharged home before delivery.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Not all of the primary outcomes of the review were reported.
Other bias	Low risk	2 groups were comparable.