aReagents and conditions: (a) Styrene, P(o-tolyl)3, NEt3, Pd(OAc)2, DMF, 100 °C, 18 h; (b) (i) NaOH (aq), THF/H20, reflux or dioxane/H20, rt, (ii) 2 M HCI (aq); (c) H2, 10% Pd/C, THF or dioxane, rt, 18 h; (d) NHMe2, 0 °C, 2 h; (e) Tf20, NEt3, DCM, −10 °C, 2 h; (0 CO, DPPP, NEt3, Pd(OAc)2, MeOH/DMF, 80 °C, 24 h; (g) (i) LiOH, dioxane/H20, rt, 18 h, (ii) 1 M HCI (aq).