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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Feb 26.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol. 2019 Jan 3;115:297–324. doi: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2018.11.004

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Schematics show the mechanism of initiation and maintenance of immune signaling in cells defective for DNA sensing, repairing and signaling factors (DDR). Excessive processing of newly replicated genome by nucleases, normal DNA replication and DNA repair or defective G2/M checkpoint followed by cytokinesis in cells defective in DDR factor result in the accumulation of self-DNA in the cytosol, fragmented DNA in the nucleus transported to cytosol and accumulation of chromatin fragments in the cytosol, respectively. Subsequently, cytosolic DNA sensing cGAS-STING-TBK1-IRF3 pathway initiates expression of immune genes, culminating in the establishment of aging, immune disorder or cancer.