Table 1.

Descriptive statistics of socioeconomic variables.

Variables	Mean	Std. dev.	Min	Max
Gender groups
Female population	35,082	28,908	1,335	169,926
Male population	33,252	25,763	1,019	144,170
Hukou status
Local population	35,928	31,080	524	197,699
Migrants population	32,406	32,574	364	165,062
Education background
Edu_low population	27,522	22,778	898	136,996
Edu_high population	16,996	10,430	474	47,587
Edu_uni population	22,125	32,422	159	22,5707
Age groups
Children population	5,955	4,541	128	20,931
Youth and adult population	56,910	47,497	1,994	277,550
The elder population	5,469	3,629	105	18,580
Socioeconomic data
Population density	24,581	20,972	206	90,732
Per capita income	2,215	581	481	3,954