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. 2020 Feb 26;2020(2):CD011961. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011961.pub2

Petrelli 2014.

Methods RCT of structured cognitive training targeting specific cognitive functions plus psychoeducation elements vs unstructured cognitive training of randomly assembled cognitive tasks vs waiting‐list control
Participants Idiopathic PD according to UKPDBB criteria, including people who had MCI according to MDS task force Level I guidelines (Litvan 2011). 23% (15 of the 50) met Litvan and colleagues 2011 criteria for MCI.
Number randomised (n = 70).
Interventions “NEUROvitalis”, a structured cognitive training intervention targeting several cognitive domains (attention, memory, executive function). Unstructured training called “Mentally fit” targeting attention, memory, and less specific functions such as language and creative thinking, 12 group sessions, 90 minutes each over 6 weeks.
Control group was waiting list.
Outcomes

  • General cognitive function

  1. MMSE

  2. DemTect

  • Attention

  1. Brief Test of Attention

  • Memory

  1. Verbal short‐ and long‐term memory DemTect

  2. Visual long‐term memory DemTect

  • Executive functions

  1. Working memory DemTect digit span reverse

  2. Verbal phonemic and semantic fluency DemTect

  • Visuo‐construction

  1. Rey’s Complex Figure Test

  • Depression

  1. BDI‐II

  • Quality of life

  1. PDQ‐3
Notes We included both the structured (“NEUROvitalis”) and the unstructured ("Mentally fit") cognitive training treatment groups in the analyses.
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) Low risk Mentions random allocation using a computer program.
Allocation concealment (selection bias) Unclear risk No details provided.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) 
 All outcomes Unclear risk Only participants in the 2 treatment groups were blinded.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) 
 All outcomes Low risk Assessors were blind.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) 
 All outcomes Unclear risk Attrition and reasons were reported, but also describes excluding participants completing less than 75% of sessions.
Selective reporting (reporting bias) Low risk All outcomes reported.
Other bias Low risk None identified.

PD: Parkinson’s disease

UKPDBB: UK Parkinson’s Disease Society Brain Bank diagnostic criteria

MCI: mild cognitive impairment

MMSE: Mini‐Mental State Examination

MoCA: Montreal Overall Cognitive Assessment

ROCF: Rey’s Complex Figure Test

F‐A‐S Tests: Semantic fluency and phonological fluency

TMTa: Trail Making Test Part A

TMTb: Trail Making Test Part B

JLO: Judgment of Line Orientation

COWAT: Controlled Oral Word Association Test

SDMT: Symbol Digit Modalities Test

TMTB‐A: Trail Making Test B‐A

BDI‐II: Beck Depression Inventory‐II

PDQ‐39: Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire

SDs: Standard Deviations

PDD: Parkinson's disease dementia

CT: Cognitive Training

GDS‐15: Geriatric Depression Scale‐Short form

PD‐MCI: Parkinson's Disease–Mild Cognitive Impairment