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. 2020 Feb 26;15(2):e0229497. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229497

Table 6. Indications for opioid use during hospitalization.

Category Cause Count
GI-related (n = 43) Abdominal pain (unclear etiology) 11
SBP 5
Ascites 7
Cholecystitis/cholangitis/
choledocolithiasis
4
Pancreatitis 3
Infectious colitis/enteritis 3
Post-procedure (e.g. variceal banding) 3
HCC 2
Umbilical Hernia 2
Ileus 2
Gastric outlet obstruction 1
Musculoskeletal (n = 40) Chronic back pain 15
Chronic joint pain 10
Cellulitis 5
Chronic ulcer 2
Acute trauma without fracture 2
Bone fracture 1
Lytic bone lesions 1
Pleurisy 1
Pyoderma gangrenosum 1
Leg pain from peripheral vascular disease 1
Chest pain (presumed MSK) 1
Other (n = 12) Headache 3
Venous thrombosis 1
Sickle cell anemia 1
Laryngeal cancer 1
Femoral neuropathy 1
Nephrolithiasis 1
Previously placed peritoneal catheter 1
Generalized pain 1
Allodynia (unclear etiology) 1
Multiple causes listed (n = 2) Abdominal and back pain 1
Abdominal and leg pain 1
No indication listed (n = 21) - -

GI: gastrointestinal; SBP: spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; MSK: musculoskeletal