Deletion of NRF2 down-regulated PTCH1, increased primary cilia formation, and activated Hh signaling, all of which can be reversed by NRF2 up-regulation. Moreover, NRF2 suppressed primary cilia formation through p62-dependent aggresome formation and blockage of BBS4 ciliary entrance. ARE, antioxidant response element; BBS4, Bardet–Biedl syndrome 4; FL, full-length activator; Hh, hedgehog; LC3, microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B; NRF2, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-like 2; OFD1, oral–facial–digital syndrome 1; PTCH1, Patched 1; R, repressor; sMAF, small MAF Transcription Factor; SMO, smoothened; SUFU, suppressor of fused homolog.