Table 3:

Baseline clinical variables by 6-month affiliation status in the PAL sample, including only those choosing a 12-step alternative as their primary group at baseline (N=368).

	Retain group (N=291)	Change group (N=43)	Dropout group (N=34)
Current recovery goal
% Endorsing lifetime total abstinence	58.0	62.8	48.5
Current primary group cohesion and satisfaction
Mean (SD) group cohesion score (1–5)	4.47 (0.56)	4.12 (0.78)***	3.90 (0.87)**
Mean (SD) group satisfaction score (0–10)	9.13 (1.09)	8.60 (1.59)*	8.56 (1.66)*
Current primary group involvement
Mean (SD) past-month in-person meetings, logged (0–4.51)	1.55 (0.65)	1.54 (0.99)	0.73 (0.62)***
Mean (SD) past-month online meetings	2.70 (14.0)	3.43 (7.63)	1.97 (4.27)
Mean (SD) composite group involvement (0–1)	0.71 (0.26)	0.61 (0.32)	0.36 (0.36)***
Lifetime 12-step involvement
Mean (SD) lifetime 12-step meetings, logged (0–8.9)	3.52 (1.96)	4.74 (1.85)**	3.27(1.78)
Current and lifetime alcohol problem severity
Mean (SD) lifetime AUD symptoms (2–11)	9.22 (2.00)	9.77 (1.69)	8.71 (2.54)
Mean (SD) past-year AUD symptoms (0–11)	3.39 (4.26)	5.56 (4.79)**	4.29 (4.45)
Mean (SD) past-year SIP (alcohol problems) score (0–1)	0.32 (0.38)	0.50 (0.41)**	0.38 (0.41)
Current and lifetime drug problem severity
% Lifetime multiple DUD symptoms	42.1	48.8	39.4
% Past-year multiple DUD symptoms	9.30	16.3	3.00
Current and lifetime mental health (MH) severity
Mean (SD) lifetime composite MH problems (0–1)	0.59 (0.34)	0.67 (0.34)	0.54 (0.35)
Mean (SD) days in past 30 troubled by MH problems	5.63 (8.78)	5.19 (7.76)	8.12 (10.5)

Note. All comparisons are to the “retain group”.

^*p<0.05,

^**p<0.01,

^***p<0.001