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. 2020 Feb 26;15(2):e0229340. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229340

Table 5. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (mg FA/100g tissue) differences by producer and season (mean ± SEM)1.

Fatty acid Producer 2 (n = 75) Producer 4 (n = 106) Producer 5 (n = 81) Producer 8 (n = 250)
ALA
Fall 6.84±0.59a 1.46±0.12b* 2.00±0.30b 6.50±0.29a
Spring 5.83±0.26a 3.26±0.47b 1.76±0.16c 7.28±0.27a
EPA
Fall 2.90±0.36a 0.76±0.07b* 1.30±0.16b* 3.60±0.16a*
Spring 3.00±0.20b 1.52±0.20d 1.79±0.14c 4.87±0.18a
DPA
Fall 3.94±0.24a* 1.59±0.11b* 1.99±0.15b* 3.72±0.13a*
Spring 4.67±0.20a 2.79±0.20b 2.88±0.17b 5.36±0.14a
DHA
Fall 0.28±0.03a* 0.19±0.01a 0.23±0.02a* 0.30±0.02a*
Spring 0.35±0.02a 0.23±0.01b 0.30±0.02ab 0.37±0.01a
Total n-3
Fall 14.0±1.08a 3.76±0.26b* 5.30±0.56b* 13.9±0.54a*
Spring 13.8±0.59b 7.47±0.85c 6.55±0.39c 17.8±0.54a
Linoleic
Fall 43.4±3.02c 70.3±3.26a* 59.2±3.29b 35.4±1.38c
Spring 36.6±1.41c 91.3±3.52a 64.1±3.47b 35.9±1.14c
DGLA
Fall 3.38±0.24bc 4.55±0.24a* 3.88±0.22ab* 2.75±0.11c*
Spring 3.41±0.13c 6.49±0.23a 4.64±0.20b 3.25±0.09c
Arachidonic
Fall 14.2±0.70b 22.8±1.46a* 18.8±0.89a 14.6±0.44b
Spring 15.0±0.54c 27.5±0.98a 18.9±0.89b 15.3±0.39c
Total n-6
Fall 61.0±3.76c 97.6±4.58a* 81.8±4.11b 52.7±1.80c
Spring 55.1±1.84c 125±4.52a 87.6±4.20b 54.5±1.53c
9Z, 11E CLA
Fall 1.66±0.23a 0.83±0.13c* 1.21±0.22bc 1.37±0.11ab*
Spring 1.18±0.14b 1.85±0.19a 1.26±0.22b 1.98±0.12a
Total PUFA
Fall 76.6±4.35bc 102±4.75a* 88.3±4.07ab 68.0±1.84c*
Spring 70.0±2.35c 135±4.22a 95.4±4.54b 74.2±1.56c
n-6:n-3 ratio
Fall 4.78±0.35c 30.1±2.29a* 23.4±2.34b 5.62±0.83c*
Spring 4.10±0.10c 27.1±1.91a 14.9±1.02b 3.75±0.22d

1One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc analysis was performed to compare of FA data between producers in each season. Mean values in a given row without a common letter differ, P<0.05. Asterisk (*) indicates significantly different in fall compared to spring within producer by Welch t-test, P<0.05. ALA, alpha-linolenic acid; CLA, conjugated linoleic acid; DGLA, dihomo-gamma linolenic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; DPA, docosapentaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; n-6:n-3 ratio, total omega-6/total omega-3 FA ratio; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid.