Table 5. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (mg FA/100g tissue) differences by producer and season (mean ± SEM)1.
Fatty acid | Producer 2 (n = 75) | Producer 4 (n = 106) | Producer 5 (n = 81) | Producer 8 (n = 250) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ALA | |||||
Fall | 6.84±0.59a | 1.46±0.12b* | 2.00±0.30b | 6.50±0.29a | |
Spring | 5.83±0.26a | 3.26±0.47b | 1.76±0.16c | 7.28±0.27a | |
EPA | |||||
Fall | 2.90±0.36a | 0.76±0.07b* | 1.30±0.16b* | 3.60±0.16a* | |
Spring | 3.00±0.20b | 1.52±0.20d | 1.79±0.14c | 4.87±0.18a | |
DPA | |||||
Fall | 3.94±0.24a* | 1.59±0.11b* | 1.99±0.15b* | 3.72±0.13a* | |
Spring | 4.67±0.20a | 2.79±0.20b | 2.88±0.17b | 5.36±0.14a | |
DHA | |||||
Fall | 0.28±0.03a* | 0.19±0.01a | 0.23±0.02a* | 0.30±0.02a* | |
Spring | 0.35±0.02a | 0.23±0.01b | 0.30±0.02ab | 0.37±0.01a | |
Total n-3 | |||||
Fall | 14.0±1.08a | 3.76±0.26b* | 5.30±0.56b* | 13.9±0.54a* | |
Spring | 13.8±0.59b | 7.47±0.85c | 6.55±0.39c | 17.8±0.54a | |
Linoleic | |||||
Fall | 43.4±3.02c | 70.3±3.26a* | 59.2±3.29b | 35.4±1.38c | |
Spring | 36.6±1.41c | 91.3±3.52a | 64.1±3.47b | 35.9±1.14c | |
DGLA | |||||
Fall | 3.38±0.24bc | 4.55±0.24a* | 3.88±0.22ab* | 2.75±0.11c* | |
Spring | 3.41±0.13c | 6.49±0.23a | 4.64±0.20b | 3.25±0.09c | |
Arachidonic | |||||
Fall | 14.2±0.70b | 22.8±1.46a* | 18.8±0.89a | 14.6±0.44b | |
Spring | 15.0±0.54c | 27.5±0.98a | 18.9±0.89b | 15.3±0.39c | |
Total n-6 | |||||
Fall | 61.0±3.76c | 97.6±4.58a* | 81.8±4.11b | 52.7±1.80c | |
Spring | 55.1±1.84c | 125±4.52a | 87.6±4.20b | 54.5±1.53c | |
9Z, 11E CLA | |||||
Fall | 1.66±0.23a | 0.83±0.13c* | 1.21±0.22bc | 1.37±0.11ab* | |
Spring | 1.18±0.14b | 1.85±0.19a | 1.26±0.22b | 1.98±0.12a | |
Total PUFA | |||||
Fall | 76.6±4.35bc | 102±4.75a* | 88.3±4.07ab | 68.0±1.84c* | |
Spring | 70.0±2.35c | 135±4.22a | 95.4±4.54b | 74.2±1.56c | |
n-6:n-3 ratio | |||||
Fall | 4.78±0.35c | 30.1±2.29a* | 23.4±2.34b | 5.62±0.83c* | |
Spring | 4.10±0.10c | 27.1±1.91a | 14.9±1.02b | 3.75±0.22d |
1One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc analysis was performed to compare of FA data between producers in each season. Mean values in a given row without a common letter differ, P<0.05. Asterisk (*) indicates significantly different in fall compared to spring within producer by Welch t-test, P<0.05. ALA, alpha-linolenic acid; CLA, conjugated linoleic acid; DGLA, dihomo-gamma linolenic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; DPA, docosapentaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; n-6:n-3 ratio, total omega-6/total omega-3 FA ratio; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid.