Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants. Values reported as median (interquartile range) unless otherwise indicated
| Characteristics | HIV-uninfected | Untreated viraemic | ART-suppressed | Controller | CSF escape | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=16 | n=52 | n=33 | n=10 | n=11 | ||
| Age (years) | 46.2 (36.8–54.8) | 43.2 (35.7–50.0) | 47.6 (42.4–53.2) | 37.4 (30.5–44.2) | 48.2 (35.6–51.4) | 0.17 |
| Male sex (%) | 15 (94) | 44 (85) | 28 (85) | 7 (70) | 7 (64) | 0.19 |
| Ethnicity (%) | 0.27 | |||||
| White | 7 (44) | 30 (58) | 22 (67) | 3 (30) | 5 (45) | |
| Black | 7 (44) | 17 (33) | 6 (18) | 6 (60) | 4 (36) | |
| Asian | 0 (0) | 3 (6) | 4 (12) | 1 (10) | 2 (18) | |
| Other/unknown | 2 (12.5) | 2 (4) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Nadir CD4+ T cell count (cells/mm3) | n/a | 230 (60–360) | 207 (61–310) | 435 (320–624) | 130 (110–170) | 0.03 |
| Current CD4+ T cell count (cells/mm3) | 827 (764–940) | 284 (97–423) | 601 (507–702) | 568 (397–1100) | 400 (290–480) | <0.001 |
| Plasma HIV-1 RNA (copies/mL) | n/a | 41,050 (9240–186,500) | <40 (<40 to <40) | 183 (43–367) | <40 (<40 to <40) | <0.001 |
| CSF parameters | ||||||
| White blood cells (cells/mm3) | 1 (1–3) | 5 (0–10) | 2 (0–3) | 1 (0–3) | 10 (2–28) | 0.001 |
| Albumin ratio | 6.0 (4.6-8.7) | 5.2 (3.6–7.0) | 4.3 (3.4–6.6) | 4.6 (2.9–5.9) | 5.2 (3.7–7.3) | 0.29 |
| HIV-1 RNA (copies/mL) | n/a | 1368 (370–7515) | <40 (<40 to <40) | <40 (<40 to <40) | 605 (134–860) | <0.001 |
| Neopterin (nmol/L) | 6.3 (4.3–8.6) | 16.7 (9.5–24.3) | 6.3 (4.9–9.8) | 6.3 (5.5–9.6) | 40.5 (22.5–80.2) | <0.001 |
| Neurofilament (age-adjusted; ng/L) | 511 (443–639) | 527 (359–834) | 475 (357–632) | 405 (328–511) | 794 (544–1323) | 0.02 |
*
P-values calculated using Kruskal–Wallis test evaluating whether all subgroups derive from same distribution. ART: antiretroviral therapy; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; n/a: not applicable.