Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
| Characteristic | Total (n=799) | Change in physician's behaviora | Change in patient's behavior | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n=294) | No (n=387) | Yes (n=708) | No (n=90) | |||||||
| Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | |
| Ageb, yr | 60.17±9.51 | - | 62.05±9.50 | - | 59.77±9.19 | - | 60.43±9.43 | - | 57.88±9.78 | - |
| Female sex | 396 (49.56) | - | 152 (51.70) | - | 190 (49.10) | - | 348 (49.15) | - | 48 (53.33) | - |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.13±3.20 | 25.17±3.08 | 25.30±3.25 | 25.35±3.20 | 25.22±3.17 | 25.17±3.06 | 25.15±3.22 | 25.19±3.09 | 24.98±2.94 | 24.93±3.03 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 87.16±8.19 | 86.91±8.30 | 87.51±8.49 | 86.90±8.62 | 87.20±8.05 | 87.20±8.20 | 87.26±8.22 | 86.96±8.30 | 86.31±7.79 | 86.53±8.38 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 125.38±14.51 | 125.99±13.96 | 127.33±14.40 | 126.59±13.88 | 124.02±14.13 | 125.18±14.25 | 125.79±14.46 | 126.37±13.98 | 122.48±14.42 | 122.82±13.49 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 75.36±10.09 | 75.63±9.53 | 75.91±10.49 | 75.44±9.49 | 74.57±9.63 | 75.28±9.45 | 75.41±9.89 | 75.87±9.34 | 75.01±11.59 | 73.93±10.83 |
| DM duration, yr | 8.12±7.12 | - | 8.66±7.11 | - | 8.20±7.18 | - | 8.31±7.10 | - | 6.67±7.11 | - |
| <5 | 294 (37.98) | - | 99 (33.90) | - | 138 (37.50) | - | 253 (36.77) | - | 40 (47.06) | - |
| 5–9 | 190 (24.55) | - | 68 (23.29) | - | 95 (25.82) | - | 168 (24.42) | - | 22 (25.88) | - |
| 10–14 | 157 (20.28) | - | 70 (23.97) | - | 74 (20.11) | - | 145 (21.08) | - | 12 (14.12) | - |
| ≥14 | 133 (17.18) | - | 55 (18.84) | - | 61 (16.58) | - | 122 (17.73) | - | 11 (12.94) | - |
| Comorbidityb | ||||||||||
| Yes | 594 (74.34) | - | 234 (79.59) | - | 303 (78.29) | - | 534 (75.42) | - | 59 (65.56) | - |
| No | 205 (25.66) | - | 60 (20.41) | - | 84 (21.71) | - | 174 (24.58) | - | 31 (34.44) | - |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 146.70±98.83 | 137.94±78.19 | 149.57±96.61 | 140.25±79.55 | 149.33±104.49 | 142.17±81.18 | 145.54±99.04 | 138.35±79.88 | 156.19±97.58 | 134.57±62.89 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 99.28±33.33 | 88.76±29.49 | 101.37±32.62 | 91.06±29.18 | 97.35±34.00 | 86.96±29.13 | 99.65±34.13 | 88.54±29.42 | 96.91±27.65 | 91.85±30.84 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 48.26±13.80 | 49.69±13.61 | 47.02±12.42 | 49.66±13.80 | 48.81±14.00 | 49.19±12.24 | 48.05±13.89 | 49.70±13.76 | 49.84±13.19 | 49.60±12.46 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 171.84±38.98 | 162.03±36.80 | 172.58±40.70 | 162.81±42.85 | 171.36±39.52 | 160.24±31.73 | 171.08±39.60 | 161.60±37.20 | 178.06±33.54 | 165.89±33.54 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 145.78±50.61 | - | 149.37±53.02 | - | 141.49±46.37 | - | 148.19±51.85 | - | 124.78±31.21 | - |
| HbA1c, % | 7.64±1.68 | - | 7.68±1.66 | - | 7.58±1.65 | - | 7.70±1.72 | - | 7.27±1.30 | - |
| ≥7 | 438 (58.40) | - | 174 (61.27) | - | 203 (57.34) | - | 393 (59.46) | - | 45 (51.14) | - |
| <7 | 312 (41.60) | - | 110 (38.73) | - | 151 (42.66) | - | 268 (40.54) | - | 43 (48.86) | - |
| Insulin therapy | ||||||||||
| Yes | 147 (18.40) | 141 (17.65) | 65 (22.11) | 63 (21.43) | 61 (15.76) | 57 (14.73) | 139 (19.63) | 133 (18.79) | 8 (8.89) | 8 (8.89) |
| No | 652 (81.60) | 658 (82.35) | 229 (77.89) | 231 (78.57) | 326 (84.24) | 330 (85.27) | 569 (80.37) | 575 (81.21) | 82 (91.11) | 82 (91.11) |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).
BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin.
aPhysician behavior change means treatment change. Patient's behavior change means any change of smoking, drinking, exercise, stress management and adherence, bComorbidity “yes” means any one of hypertension, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, fatty liver, diabetic neuropathy, thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, asthma, chronic obstruction pulmonary disease, and etc.