Table 1.

Descriptive statistics and correlations for main study variables.

Variable	M	SD	Skewness	Kurtosis	Min, Max	Correlations
						2	3	4	5
1 Maternal hope	82.91	11.47	−0.55	−0.38	56, 100	−.58**	−.43**	−.30**	−.42**
2 Maternal depressive symptoms	10.72	9.68	1.50	1.60	0, 39	-	.55**	.22	.24*
3 Maternal pain	2.08	1.43	0.19	−0.69	0, 5	-	-	.37**	.21*
4 Paternal pain	1.71	1.44	0.42	−0.91	0, 5	-	-	-	.34**
5 Child pain	1.02	1.19	0.95	−0.16	0, 4	-	-	-	-

Note: Maternal hope and depressive symptoms assessed at child age 12 months; all pain variables assessed at child age 6 years. Pain scores are sum of seven possible body regions in which pain was experienced at least monthly during the prior six months, with higher scores reflecting greater number of body regions with at least monthly pain.

^*p < 0.05;

^**p < 0.01.