Table 2.
Results of multilevel regression analysis with maternal hope and depressive symptoms measured at child age 12-months predicting child pain at 6 years (n=45 families and 90 children).
| Variable | Betas | Std. Error | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Predictors | |||
| Maternal hope (child-12 mo) | −.042 | .015 | .009 |
| Maternal depressive symptoms (child-12 mo) | −.004 | .020 | .851 |
| Covariates | |||
| Current maternal paina | .008 | .126 | .949 |
| Child sex (0=male; 1=female) | .122 | .200 | .543 |
| Child ethnicity (0=Caucasian; 1=other) | −.677 | .308 | .034 |
a
Child and maternal pain scores are the sum of seven possible body regions in which pain was experienced at least monthly during the prior 6 months, with higher scores reflecting greater number of body regions with at least monthly pain.