Table 3.
Urinary metabolitesa associated with risk of CHD in Chinese men and women: stratified by CHD risk factors
| Stratification | Metabolites | Strata | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p-trendb | p interaction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI, kg/m2 | Tryptophan | ≤ 25 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.82 (0.36–1.86) | 0.77 (0.35–1.68) | 1.32 (0.63–2.74) | 0.38 | 0.34 |
| > 25 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.73 (0.78–3.82) | 1.62 (0.74–3.55) | 3.29 (1.45–7.46) | < 0.01 | |||
| Guanosine | ≤ 25 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.59 (0.28–1.27) | 0.69 (0.33–1.45) | 0.83 (0.37–1.87) | 0.54 | 0.15 | |
| > 25 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.92 (0.41–2.04) | 1.63 (0.71–3.75) | 2.69 (1.22–5.94) | < 0.01 | |||
| Central obesity | Valine | No | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.90 (0.46–1.77) | 1.17 (0.59–2.33) | 1.13 (0.53–2.37) | 0.25 | 0.34 |
| Yes | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.96 (0.36–2.54) | 1.65 (0.69–3.98) | 2.82 (1.12–7.12) | < 0.01 | |||
| Methionine | No | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.86 (0.44–1.68) | 0.57 (0.29–1.15) | 0.80 (0.39–1.64) | 0.61 | 0.07 | |
| Yes | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.81 (0.32–2.07) | 1.17 (0.47–2.93) | 2.80 (1.09–7.20) | < 0.01 | |||
| Tryptophan | No | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.46 (0.70–3.04) | 1.12 (0.53–2.37) | 2.09 (1.03–4.26) | 0.87 | 0.78 | |
| Yes | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.92 (0.36–2.36) | 1.31 (0.53–3.25) | 1.88 (0.75–4.73) | 0.74 | |||
| Dyslipidemia | Tryptophan | No | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.37 (0.12–1.12) | 0.18 (0.05–0.58) | 0.74 (0.26–2.06) | 0.47 | < 0.01 |
| Yes | 1.00 (Ref.) | 2.26 (1.10–4.67) | 2.57 (1.26–5.25) | 3.90 (1.86–8.19) | < 0.01 | |||
| Hypertension | Tryptophan | No | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.29 (0.59–2.83) | 0.81 (0.38–1.75) | 1.43 (0.69–2.98) | 0.92 | 0.20 |
| Yes | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.12 (0.51–2.46) | 1.75 (0.76–4.06) | 3.27 (1.40–7.64) | < 0.01 | |||
| Hypoxanthine | No | 1.00 (Ref.) | 2.67 (1.21–5.88) | 1.59 (0.72–3.53) | 2.45 (1.09–5.49) | 0.39 | 0.20 | |
| Yes | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.91 (0.40–2.06) | 1.33 (0.59–3.02) | 1.04 (0.48–2.25) | 0.33 | |||
| CRP level, mg/L | Hypoxanthine | < 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.14 (0.50–2.60) | 0.70 (0.29–1.71) | 0.75 (0.31–1.79) | 0.43 | 0.20 |
| ≥ 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 2.13 (1.02–0.44) | 2.00 (0.99–4.04) | 2.43 (1.16–5.09) | 0.02 | |||
| Tryptophan | < 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.69 (0.30–1.59) | 0.70 (0.29–1.66) | 1.44 (0.60–3.50) | 0.61 | 0.24 | |
| ≥ 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 2.00 (0.93–4.30) | 1.71 (0.84–3.50) | 2.39 (1.17–4.88) | 0.97 | |||
| Guanosine | < 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.79 (0.33–1.89) | 0.57 (0.25–1.33) | 1.07 (0.45–2.53) | 0.46 | 0.16 | |
| ≥ 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.73 (0.36–1.50) | 1.56 (0.76–3.21) | 2.21 (1.03–4.75) | 0.01 | |||
| Inosine | < 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.86 (0.35–2.11) | 1.13 (0.48–2.67) | 0.32 (0.12–0.84) | 0.41 | 0.05 | |
| ≥ 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.93 (0.46–1.89) | 1.06 (0.51–2.19) | 1.42 (0.65–3.10) | 0.23 |
a
Based on the sex-specific quartiles among controls. Odds ratios (95% CIs) were adjusted for age, BMI, Waist-Hip Ratio, pack-years, fasting hour, and baseline disease of hypertension and diabetes.
b
Only metabolites with raw p-trend<0.05 or p<0.01 for the highest quartile in any subgroups of subjects are shown in the table. After FDR adjustment, all p values >0.10.