Fig. 1 |. HIV-1 infection decreases ILCs in blood and colon lamina propria.

a, Percent ILCs (Lin⁻CD56⁻CD16⁻CD127⁺ PBMCs; Extended Data Fig. 1a) from 40 HIV-1⁻, 36 HIV-1⁺ viremic, 39 HIV-1⁺ on ART, and 38 HIV-1⁺ spontaneous controllers (Supplementary Table 1). b-d, ILCs as in a, correlation with CD4s (b), CD4/CD8 ratio (c), and plasma sCD14 (d). Correlation coefficient (R) by Pearson, zero slope p value determined by the F-test (n=80). e,f, Percent Lin⁻CD127⁺ILCs (e) and Lin⁻CD127⁺RORγT⁺ILC3s (f), among colon lamina propria lymphoid cells from 6 HIV-1⁻ and 7 HIV-1⁺ on ART with undetectable viremia (Supplementary Table 2). g, CD3⁻CD117⁺ ILC3s in rectosigmoid tissue from HIV-1⁻ or HIV-1⁺ individuals on ART (Supplementary Table 1). White arrowheads, ILCs. Scale bar = 100 μm. h,i, As in g, percent ILC3s (h) and CD3⁻CD117⁺/CD3⁺CD117⁻ (i) from 8 HIV-1⁻ and 16 HIV-1⁺ on ART. j, MX1⁺ cells as in g. k, As in j, percent MX1⁺ as in h. l, MPO⁺ cells as in g. m, As in l, percent MPO⁺ cells as in h. n, CD127⁺ among Lin⁻CD56⁻CD16⁻ PBMCs (HIV-1⁻), 16 hrs IL-15 with ruxolitinib (JAK1/2i, n=5), CP-690550 (JAK3i, n=11), rapamycin (RAPA, n=7), or no IL-15 (n=11). Data are mean ± s.e.m., a, e, f, h, i, k, m two-tailed unpaired t-test; n, two-tailed paired t-test. ns, not significant, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. g, j, l, three independent blocks for each donor with similar results.