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Elevated [Ca2+]i and [Na+]i in mdx VSMCs. [Ca2+]i or [Na+]i was measured in quiescent VSMCs isolated from Wt, and mdx mice using double-barreled ion-specific microelectrodes. [Ca2+]i and [Na+]i were significantly higher in mdx than Wt VSMCs. For [Ca2+]i measurements: nmice = 3/experimental condition, ncell = 41–48/genotype; For [Na+]i measurements: nmice = 3/experimental condition, ncell = 25–27/genotype. Values are expressed as means ± S.D. Student’s t-test, ***p ≤ 0.001.
