Table 1.
General characteristics of subjects with and without hyperuricemia (HU).
| Characteristic | Men | Postmenopausal women | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HU (–) | HU (+) | P Value | HU (–) | HU (+) | P Value | |
| N | 1,798 | 366 | – | 2 041 | 221 | – |
| Age, year | 67.48 ± 8.49 | 67.22 ± 10.04 | 0.635 | 67.49 ± 7.61 | 70.45 ± 8.51 | <0.001 |
| Duration of diabetes, year | 10 (4,15) | 8 (3,15) | 0.038 | 9 (3,15) | 10 (3, 16.5) | 0.563 |
| Current smoking, % | 36.8 | 33.8 | 0.309 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 0.844 |
| Current alcohol use, % | 39.4 | 42.1 | 0.347 | 5.7 | 3.2 | 0.122 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.85 ± 3.30 | 25.86 ± 3.30 | <0.001 | 24.60 ± 3.63 | 26.75 ± 4.20 | <0.001 |
| FPG, mmol/L | 7.96 ± 2.41 | 7.29 ± 1.95 | <0.001 | 7.74 ± 2.44 | 7.69 ± 2.32 | 0.782 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.67 ± 1.46 | 7.17 ± 1.09 | <0.001 | 7.41 ± 1.35 | 7.34 ± 1.22 | 0.450 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.80 ± 1.08 | 4.88 ± 1.26 | 0.259 | 5.37 ± 1.21 | 5.45 ± 1.34 | 0.373 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.38 (1.01, 1.99) | 1.73 (1.26, 2.52) | <0.001 | 1.56 (1.13, 2.20) | 2.00 (1.44, 2.99) | <0.001 |
| HDL, mmol/L | 1.12 ± 0.26 | 1.06 ± 0.23 | <0.001 | 1.31 ± 0.30 | 1.17 ± 0.25 | <0.001 |
| LDL, mmol/L | 2.99 ± 0.79 | 3.01 ± 0.81 | 0.764 | 3.29 ± 0.87 | 3.33 ± 0.90 | 0.538 |
| UA, μmol/L | 318.10 ± 58.34 | 473.62 ± 54.25 | <0.001 | 294.67 ± 60.96 | 465.77 ± 47.22 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, % | 76.9 | 83.9 | 0.003 | 78.5 | 89.1 | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia, % | 61.6 | 73.0 | <0.001 | 58.6 | 76.9 | <0.001 |
| eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 92.27 ± 15.84 | 81.33 ± 20.53 | <0.001 | 93.74 ± 14.49 | 75.61 ± 21.81 | <0.001 |
| TT, nmol/L | 14.28 (11.03, 18.37) | 12.93 (9.74, 16.57) | <0.001 | 0.53 (0.29, 0.81) | 0.60 (0.40, 0.99) | <0.001 |
| E2, pmol/L | 116.10 (91.57, 139.90) | 121.75 (93.87, 145.85) | 0.091 | 39.74 (9.18, 59.91) | 37.76 (9.18, 50.67) | 0.072 |
| FSH, IU/L | 9.57 (6.52, 14.39) | 9.34 (5.88, 13.93) | 0.867 | 53.25 (39.98, 68.42) | 54.46 (40.41, 74.03) | 0.007 |
| LH, IU/L | 7.21 (5.30, 9.87) | 7.32 (5.34, 10.12) | 0.829 | 24.69 (18.20, 31.67) | 27.96 (21.23, 36.22) | <0.001 |
| DHEA, pg/mL | 171.35 (118.98, 236.40) | 180.35 (119.90, 262.93) | 0.011 | 117.10 (78.40, 162.95) | 126.70 (86.90, 187.55) | 0.006 |
| Medicine use | ||||||
| Losartan and irbesartan, % | 7.1 | 10.2 | 0.042 | 6.7 | 10.6 | 0.034 |
| Aspirin, % | 6.7 | 7.9 | 0.367 | 3.7 | 5.0 | 0.357 |
The data are summarized as the mean ± SD or median (interquartile range) for continuous variables or as a numerical proportion for categorical variables. P-values were calculated by Student's t-test, the Mann–Whitney U-test, or Pearson's χ2 test. P-values < 0.05 were considered significantly different. HU, hyperuricemia; BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; UA, uric acid; eGFR, glomerular infiltration rate; TT, total testosterone; E2, estradiol; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone; DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone.