Table 3.

Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for the 4 studies. *McNemar’s test found that there was no statistically significant difference in the detection of AVM or DAVF or both by 4D-CTA and DSA (p = 0.25)

	Author
	Biswas et al.			Wang et al.	Willems et al.	Singh et al.
Number of patients	*33 (total number)	30	3	17	17	24
Modality comparison	4D-CTA and DSA	4D-CTA and DSA	4D-CTA and DSA	4D-CTA and DSA	4D-CTA and DSA	4D-CTA and DSA
Condition	AVM and dural AVF combined	AVM alone	DAVF alone	AVM	AVM	AVM
Sensitivity	77% (95% CI 46–95)	70% (95% CI 35–93%)	100% (95% CI 29–100%)	17/17 (100%)	17/17 (100%)	100%
Specificity	100% (95% CI 83–100)	100% (95% CI 85–100%)	100% (95% CI 88–100%)	17/17 (100%)	17/17 (100%)	100%
PPV	100% (95% CI 69–100)	100% (95% CI 69–100)	100% (95% CI 29–100%)	Not specified	Not specified	100%
NPP	87% (95% CI 66–97)	87% (95% CI 66–97)	100% (95% CI 88–100%)	Not specified	Not specified	100%
Efficacy	91%	91%	100%	Not specified	Not specified	Not specified