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. 2020 Feb 26;10:3555. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60147-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Involvement of adenosine A_2B receptor and effectiveness of nifedipine in colonic fluid secretion in mice. (a) Representative image of colonic loop treated with vehicle (saline containing 2.5% DMSO) or 1 mM adenosine (Ado), and colonic fluid volume following injection of various doses of adenosine. (b) Effect of the selective adenosine receptor agonists CPA (A₁R), CGS21680 (A_2AR), BAY60-6583 (A_2BR), and IB-MECA (A₃R) on colonic fluid volume in C57/BL6 mice. (c) Adenosine-induced colonic fluid secretion in C57/BL6 and A_2B receptor-deficient mice. (d) Effect of nifedipine or PSB-1115 on adenosine (1 mM)-induced colonic fluid secretion in mice. All data are expressed as mean ± SEM. ^*P < 0.05 or ^**P < 0.01 (vs. vehicle). ^#P < 0.05 or ^##P < 0.01 (vs Ado in wild-type).