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. 2020 Feb 26;10:3433. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59179-w

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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A human body FE model with solid muscle models. (A) Implant FE model incorporated into T1~Sacrum in case of T1 UIV. (B) Three different sagittal T1 tilts used in this study (0, 20, and 40 degrees). (C) Initial conditions of the calculation. The degree of freedom from the pelvis to the foot of the human body FE model in the standing posture was constrained, and gravity was loaded for 1 second.