Table 3.
Comparison of the cognitive assessment variables of the participants according to their PA level.
| n | Low (n = 4118) | Moderate (n = 1297) | High (n = 1459) | p for trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MMSE test | Temporal orientation | 6669 | Model 1 | 4.86 (4.85–4.87) | 4.88 (4.86–4.91) | 4.87 (4.85–4.9) | NS |
| Model 2 | 4.9 (4.81–4.99) | 4.92 (4.83–5.01) | 4.88 (4.79–4.98) | NS | |||
| Place orientation | 6669 | Model 1 | 4.96 (4.95–4.97) | 4.96 (4.94–4.97) | 4.96 (4.95–4.98) | NS | |
| Model 2 | 4.94 (4.89–4.99) | 4.94 (4.89–4.99) | 4.93 (4.88–4.98) | NS | |||
| Immediate recall | 6670 | Model 1 | 2.99 (2.98–2.99) | 2.98 (2.97–2.99) | 2.99 (2.98–3) | NS | |
| Model 2 | 3 (2.96–3.04) | 3 (2.96–3.04) | 3 (2.96–3.04) | NS | |||
| Calculation | 6670 | Model 1 | 4.49 (4.45–4.52) | 4.5 (4.44–4.56) | 4.53 (4.47–4.59) | NS | |
| Model 2 | 4.51 (4.28–4.73) | 4.49 (4.26–4.71) | 4.49 (4.26–4.72) | NS | |||
| Delayed recall | 6670 | Model 1 | 2.23 (2.2–2.26) | 2.22 (2.18–2.27) | 2.23 (2.18–2.28) | NS | |
| Model 2 | 2.25 (2.06–2.44) | 2.25 (2.05–2.44) | 2.24 (2.05–2.44) | NS | |||
| Language | 6650 | Model 1 | 8.67 (8.65–8.69) | 8.66 (8.62–8.69) | 8.68 (8.64–8.71) | NS | |
| Model 2 | 8.7 (8.57–8.83) | 8.68 (8.55–8.81) | 8.7 (8.56–8.83) | NS | |||
| Total MMSE score | 6650 | Model 1 | 28.2 (28.14–28.26) | 28.21 (28.11–28.32) | 28.27 (28.16–28.37) | NS | |
| Model 2 | 28.31 (27.92–28.7) | 28.28 (27.88–28.68) | 28.25 (27.85–28.65) | NS | |||
| CDT score | 6652 | Model 1 | 5.95 (5.91–5.99) | 5.93 (5.86–6) | 5.9 (5.83–5.97) | NS | |
| Model 2 | 6.03 (5.77–6.3) | 6.03 (5.76–6.3) | 6.01 (5.74–6.28) | NS | |||
| TMT test | Total time A | 6703 | Model 1 | 53.5 (52.65–54.35) | 52.66 (51.19–54.13) | 51.41 (49.91–52.92) | NS |
| Model 2 | 48.28 (42.58–53.98) | 47.97 (42.16–53.79) | 45.82 (39.99–51.65) | NS | |||
| Total time B | 6784 | Model 1 | 136.59 (134.15–139.03) | 133.04 (128.81–137.26) | 133.48 (129.16–137.81) | NS | |
| Model 2 | 123.82 (107.36–140.28) | 126.1 (109.31–142.89) | 125.46 (108.63–142.3) | NS | |||
| COWAT test | Phonetic fluency | 6723 | Model 1 | 12.11 (11.97–12.25) | 12.4 (12.16–12.64) | 12.77 (12.53–13.02) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 12.6 (11.7–13.5) | 12.67 (11.75–13.59) | 12.89 (11.97–13.81) | NS | |||
| Semantic fluency | 6723 | Model 1 | 15.97 (15.83–16.12) | 16.01 (15.75–16.26) | 16.59 (16.33–16.85) | 0.003 | |
| Model 2 | 16.88 (15.9–17.87) | 16.69 (15.69–17.7) | 17.21 (16.21–18.22) | NS | |||
| DS test | Direct numeric series score | 5345 | Model 1 | 8.67 (8.59–8.75) | 8.82 (8.67–8.97) | 8.97 (8.82–9.12) | 0.032 |
| Model 2 | 8.58 (7.98–9.19) | 8.55 (7.93–9.17) | 8.55 (7.93–9.17) | NS | |||
| Direct span | 2213 | Model 1 | 5.47 (5.36–5.57) | 5.51 (5.38–5.65) | 5.54 (5.4–5.68) | NS | |
| Model 2 | 5.61 (5.15–6.07) | 5.6 (5.13–6.06) | 5.64 (5.18–6.11) | NS | |||
| Inverse numeric series score | 5347 | Model 1 | 5.05 (4.97–5.12) | 5.14 (5–5.27) | 5.18 (5.05–5.32) | NS | |
| Model 2 | 4.82 (4.29–5.35) | 4.82 (4.28–5.36) | 4.72 (4.18–5.26) | NS | |||
| Inverse Span | 2200 | Model 1 | 3.68 (3.59–3.78) | 3.67 (3.55–3.79) | 3.78 (3.65–3.91) | NS | |
| Model 2 | 3.76 (3.36–4.16) | 3.74 (3.33–4.14) | 3.85 (3.44–4.26) | NS |
COWAT = Controlled Oral Word Association Test; DS = Digit Span test; MMSE = Mini-mental State Examination test; TMT = Trail Making Test.
NS = non significant.
Light = light-moderate PA activities but not every week; Moderate = moderate PA activities ≤150 min/week or vigorous PA activities ≤75 min/week; High = >150 min/week of moderate PA activities or >75 min/week of vigorous activities.
Mean ± (95% confidence interval).
Model 1: ANCOVA adjusted for age, sex and recruitment center.
Model 2: ANCOVA adjusted for age, sex, recruitment center, smoking status, adherence to er-MedDiet, BMI, civil status, educational level, sleep hours, working status, TV hours and prevalence of type 2 diabetes, depression, hypertension and cancer.
Significant p values in bold.