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. 2020 Feb 26;11:1051. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14888-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Model of three delay-coupled phase oscillators approximating the selective coupling between the external beat (stimulus S), sensory-specific temporal attention (A), and natural motor dynamics (M). The external oscillator (S) influences attention and motor oscillators with a specific strength K and delay τ, and attention and motor oscillators reciprocally influence each other. The phase-locking value (PLV) between the external beat (S) and the sensory-specific temporal attention oscillator (A) reflects the capacity of A to entrain to S and thus is used as an approximation of behavioural performance. b Example of dynamics of the auditory temporal attention oscillator (A; green) during presentation of an external beat (S; black) at 1.7 Hz or 3.8 Hz. c, d Replication of the (c) auditory (exp. 2) and (d) visual (exp. 5) passive (blue) and tracking (red) experiments. Difference between conditions was obtained by adjusting three key parameters: the natural frequency of the sensory-specific temporal attention oscillator (A) and the time-delay between the stimulus (S) and the motor oscillator (M) which varied across modalities (auditory: ω_A = 1.5 Hz, τ_S−M = 0.1 s; visual: ω_A = 0.7 Hz, τ_S-M = 0.35 s), and the coupling strength between motor and attention oscillators, which varied between passive (K_M−A = 2) and tracking (K_M−A = 10) sessions.