Table 5.
LME regression beta coefficients: specific messaging on race bettors’ intended, actual, and excess spend
| Betting spend | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intended | Actual | Actual (excess) | ||||
| Logistic ($ > 0) | Log-normal [ln($)] | Logistic ($ > 0) | Log-normal [ln($)] | Logistic ($ > 0) | Log-normal [ln($)] | |
| Fixed effects | ||||||
| Saturday (vs. weekday) | −0.209 (0.111) | 0.423 (0.042)** | 0.954 (0.136)** | 0.367 (0.041)** | 0.443 (0.149)** | 0.277 (0.045)** |
| Spend intention ($ > 0) | 2.534 (0.135)** | |||||
| Spend intention [ln($)] | 0.220 (0.013)** | |||||
| PG/MR status | −0.123 (0.250) | 0.556 (0.162)** | 0.300 (0.228) | 0.513 (0.160)** | 0.526 (0.178)** | 0.577 (0.140)** |
| Brands during events | 0.431 (0.107)** | 0.167 (0.037)** | 0.264 (0.125)** | 0.132 (0.043)** | ||
| Advertisements on betting websites/apps | 0.079 (0.086) | 0.428 (0.099)** | 0.340 (0.115)** | |||
| Commentary during events | 0.471 (0.109)** | 0.160 (0.038)** | 0.213 (0.127) | 0.194 (0.042)** | ||
| Direct messages | 0.422 (0.091)** | 0.429 (0.098)** | 0.352 (0.111)** | |||
| Match your stake/deposit | 0.223 (0.092)* | |||||
| Stake-back offer | 0.082 (0.086) | 0.328 (0.091)** | 0.233 (0.031)** | 0.169 (0.107) | ||
| Constant | −0.778 (0.272)** | 4.058 (0.110)** | −2.419 (0.261)** | 3.054 (0.130)** | −3.004 (0.272)** | 2.649 (0.123)** |
| Random effects (participant) | ||||||
| Variance (intercept) | 3.763 | 1.374 | 2.917 | 1.888 | 1.131 | 1.215 |
| No. of observations | 3,585 | 2,567 | 3,592 | 2,567 | 2,756 | 1,870 |
| No. of participants | 316 | 317 | 318 | 307 | 283 | 276 |
Note. Bracketed values indicate standard errors. LME: linear mixed effect; PG: problem gambler; MR: moderate-risk gambler.
*p < .05. **p < .01.