Table 6.
LME regression beta coefficients: aggregate messaging on sports bettors’ intended, actual, and excess spend
| Betting spend | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intended | Actual | Actual (excess) | ||||
| Logistic ($ > 0) | Log-normal [ln($)] | Logistic ($ > 0) | Log-normal [ln($)] | Logistic ($ > 0) | Log-normal [ln($)] | |
| Fixed effects | ||||||
| Saturday (vs. weekday) | 0.596 (0.116)** | −0.100 (0.035)** | 0.889 (0.131)** | 0.127 (0.040)** | 0.514 (0.145)** | 0.046 (0.043) |
| Spend intention ($ > 0) | 2.570 (0.137)** | |||||
| Spend intention [ln($)] | 0.252 (0.015)** | |||||
| PG/MR status | 0.799 (0.236)** | 0.577 (0.162)** | 0.804 (0.250)** | 0.719 (0.165)** | 0.595 (0.199)** | 0.549 (0.134)** |
| Inducement count (z) | 0.143 (0.116) | 0.032 (0.032) | 0.422 (0.130)** | 0.092 (0.045)* | 0.113 (0.144) | −0.014 (0.053) |
| Advertisement count (z) | −0.151 (0.105) | 0.553 (0.114)** | 0.155 (0.045)** | 0.227 (0.132) | 0.090 (0.052) | |
| PG/MR: inducement count (z) | −0.132 (0.170) | −0.067 (0.044) | −0.059 (0.195) | −0.040 (0.063) | 0.105 (0.212) | 0.078 (0.072) |
| PG/MR: advertisement count (z) | 0.194 (0.160) | −0.240 (0.180) | −0.002 (0.063) | −0.248 (0.206) | −0.104 (0.073) | |
| Constant | 0.293 (0.157) | 3.592 (0.109)** | 0.850 (0.164)** | 3.610 (0.111)** | −1.021 (0.150)** | 2.789 (0.100)** |
| Random effects (participant) | ||||||
| Variance (intercept) | 2.881 | 1.709 | 2.952 | 1.709 | 1.268 | 0.974 |
| No. of observations | 3,228 | 1,974 | 3,231 | 2,249 | 2,488 | 1,641 |
| No. of participants | 279 | 272 | 279 | 272 | 258 | 249 |
Note. Bracketed values indicate standard errors. (z): predictor standardized (i.e., scaled and centered); LME: linear mixed effect; PG: problem gambler; MR: moderate-risk gambler.
*p < .05. **p < .01.