. 2019 Sep 20;8(3):537–553. doi: 10.1556/2006.8.2019.54

Table 1.

Comparison between the prevention intervention group and the control group

	Prevention Intervention Group (PIG; n = 190)									Control group (CG; n = 194)					PIG vs. CG
	T0		T1		T2					T0		T2
	n/mean	%/SD	n/mean	%/SD	n/mean	%/SD	T0 vs. T1	T1 vs. T2	T0 vs. T2	n/mean	%/SD	n/mean	%/SD	T0 vs. T2	T0	T2
Gender
Girls	97	51.1								88	45.6
Boys	93	48.9								106	54.4
Gaming use
Nb min/day Internet M-F	283.0	447.2	284.5	352.4	300.2	414.9	NS	NS	NS	286.1	369.8	325.5	429.9	NS	NS	<0.001
Nb min/day Internet WE	280.7	330.3	265.5	255.9	317.9	530.8	NS	NS	NS	307.1	362.2	353.1	434.4	NS	NS	0.001
Nb min/day VG M-F	92.1	182.6	120.6	221.2	119.8	208.3	NS	NS	NS	153.6	272.6	188.9	367.3	NS	0.011	<0.001
Nb min/day VG WE	161.5	208.9	176.4	258.3	177.8	381.9	NS	NS	NS	225.9	332.6	213.1	346.9	NS	0.025	<0.001
Less sleep for play
Yes	40	20.9	43	22.8	36	19.1	NS	NS	NS	53	27.5	49	25.3	NS	NS	NS
No	114	59.7	95	50.3	101	53.7				113	58.5	107	55.2
Non-gamer	37	19.4	51	27.0	51	27.1				27	14.0	38	19.6
Playing instead of seeing friends
Yes	34	17.9	31	16.4	19	10.1	NS	NS	0.013	32	16.6	35	18.1	NS	NS	.013
No	123	64.7	107	56.6	117	62.2				133	68.9	124	64.2
Non-gamer	33	17.4	51	27.0	52	27.7				28	14.5	34	17.6
Addictive gamers (GAS)
Yes	16	8.7	20	10.7	10	5.6	NS	0.053	NS	24	12.6	23	12.1	NS	NS	.027
No	168		167		170	94.4	NS	0.053	NS	166	87.4	167	87.9	NS	NS	.027
Gaming beliefs
Most dangerous for education
Tobacco > Alcohol > Cannabis > Video game	9	4.9	23	12.2	12	6.5	0.006	0.012	NS	14	7.3	10	5.2	NS	NS	NS
Cannabis > Alcohol > Tobacco > Video game	105	55.6	76	40.2	105	56.5				92	48.2	93	48.7
Alcohol > Cannabis > Tobacco > Video game	24	12.7	26	13.8	19	10.2				28	14.7	31	16.2
Video game > Cannabis > Alcohol > Tobacco	51	27.0	64	33.9	50	26.9				57	29.8	57	29.8
Most dangerous for health
Tobacco > Alcohol > Cannabis > Video game	22	11.7	37	19.4	33	17.5	0.031	NS	NS	30	15.7	29	15.2	NS	NS	NS
Cannabis > Alcohol > Tobacco > Video game	120	63.8	10	56.5	111	58.7				115	60.2	123	64.4
Alcohol > Cannabis > Tobacco > Video game	32	17.0	22	11.5	29	15.3				33	17.3	28	14.7
Video game > Cannabis > Alcohol > Tobacco	14	7.4	24	12.6	16	8.5				13	6.8	11	5.8
Impact on education
Yes	81	42.6	79	40.9	67	35.3	NS	NS	NS	67	35.3	77	40.3	NS	NS	NS
No	82	43.2	79	40.9	82	43.2				96	50.5	85	44.5
Non-gamer	27	14.2	35	18.1	41	21.6				27	14.2	29	15.2
Impact on family time
Yes	81	42.6	92	47.4	65	34.4	NS	0.034	NS	64	33.3	57	30.2	NS	NS	NS
No	83	43.7	69	35.6	85	45.0				103	53.6	103	54.5
Non-gamer	26	13.7	33	17.0	39	20.6				25	13.0	29	15.3
Impact on physical health
Yes	130	72.9	158	81.0	147	77.4	0.038	NS	NS	120	62.2	139	72.0	0.040	0.026	NS
No	51	27.1	37	19.0	43	22.6	0.038	NS	NS	73	37.8	54	28.0	0.040	0.026	NS
Impact on mental health
Yes	133	70.4	157	80.1	141	74 .2	0.027	NS	NS	125	64.8	120	62.8	NS	NS	.017
No	56	29.6	39	19.9	49	25.8	0.027	NS	NS	68	35.2	71	37.2	NS	NS	.017
Beliefs about IGD
Internet gaming disorder?
Yes	153	80.5	170	89.0	160	84.7	0.07	NS	NS	150	79.8	160	83.8	NS	NS	NS
No	37	19.5	21	11.0	29	15.3	0.07	NS	NS	38	20.2	31	16.2	NS	NS	NS
Type of VG associated with addiction
Shoot games	45	23.6	65	32.2	56	29.3	0.037	NS	NS	61	31.4	45	23.2	0.04	NS	NS
Strat games	14	7.3	20	9.9	24	12.6	NS	NS	0.06	15	7.7	21	10.8	NS	NS	NS
RP games	47	24.6	67	33.2	55	28.8	0.039	NS	NS	52	26 .8	53	27.3	NS	NS	NS
Sim games	18	9.4	34	16.8	31	16.2	0.030	NS	0.03	29	14.9	28	14.4	NS	NS	NS
Manag games	26	13.6	27	13.4	27	14.1	NS	NS	NS	16	8.2	23	11.9	NS	NS	NS
No opinion	44	23.0	32	15.8	43	22.5	0.047	NS	NS	43	22 .2	43	22.2	NS	NS	NS
Risks associated with gaming use
Food problems	54	28.3	135	66.8	107	56.0	<0.001	0.028	<0.001	44	22.7	74	38.1	0.001	NS	<0.001
Sleep problems	160	83.6	174	86.1	173	90.6	NS	0NS	0.03	149	76.8	163	84.0	NS	NS	0.037
Vision problems	149	78.0	169	83.7	164	85.9	NS	NS	0.03	131	67.5	121	62.4	NS	0.021	<0.001
Withdrawal into a virtual world	104	54.5	111	55.0	121	63.4	NS	0.056	0.04	92	47.4	110	56.7	NS	NS	NS
Lack of exercise	95	49.7	117	57.9	120	62.8	0.06	NS	0.007	78	40.2	96	49.5	NS	NS	0.008
Conflicts with parents/family	97	50.8	150	74.3	113	59.2	<0.001	0.001	0.06	88	45.4	101	52.1	NS	NS	NS
Conflicts with friends	45	23.6	91	45.0	74	38.7	<0.001	NS	0.001	33	17.0	42	21.6	NS	NS	<0.001
Loss of time concept	101	52.9	137	67.8	135	70.7	0.002	NS	<0.001	110	56.7	108	55.7	NS	NS	0.002
Lack of school investment	136	71.2	154	76.2	150	78.5	NS	NS	0.06	118	60.8	131	67.5	NS	0.032	0.015
Aggressivity	110	57.6	139	68.8	122	63.9	0.014	NS	NS	113	58.2	99	51.0	NS	NS	0.011
Reasons for the addiction
Family problems	76	39.8	120	59.4	107	56.0	<0.001	NS	0.001	75	38.7	93	47.9	NS	NS	0.07
Poor school results	72	37.7	90	44.6	87	45.5	NS	NS	0.07	68	35.1	71	36.6	NS	NS	0.046
Lack of friend(s)	115	60.2	144	71.3	139	72.8	0.014	NS	0.006	91	46.9	128	66.0	<0.001	0.009	NS
Lack of self-confidence	80	41.9	86	42.6	67	35.1	NS	0.078	NS	64	33.0	78	40.2	NS	NS	NS
Bad self-image	60	31.4	71	35.1	70	36.6	NS	NS	NS	51	26.3	56	28.9	NS	NS	0.06
Difficulty making friends	89	46.6	108	53.5	107	56.0	NS	NS	0.04	61	31.4	98	50.5	<0.001	0.002	NS
Chance	58	30.4	49	24.3	71	37.2	NS	0.005	NS	79	40.7	57	29.4	0.019	0.034	NS
Characteristics of a IGD gamer
Number of hours spent playing	108	56.5	113	55.9	99	51.8	NS	NS	NS	100	51.5	111	57.2	NS	NS	NS
Poor school results	38	19.9	39	19.3	35	18.3	NS	NS	NS	25	12.9	31	16.0	NS	NS	NS
Saying no to all outings	70	36.6	92	45.5	94	49.2	0.046	NS	0.009	83	42.8	95	49.0	NS	NS	NS
Only talking about video games	119	62.3	116	57.4	116	60.7	NS	NS	NS	110	56.7	122	62.9	NS	NS	NS
Cannot stop playing	129	67.5	146	72.3	147	77.0	NS	NS	0.026	126	64.9	131	67.5	NS	NS	0.039
Playing instead of fulfilling his obligations	129	67.5	137	67.8	127	66.5	NS	NS	NS	136	70.1	119	61.3	NS	NS	NS
Playing all the time	132	69.1	142	70.6	144	75.4	NS	NS	NS	135	69.6	138	71.1	NS	NS	NS

Note. Nb min/day Internet M-F: number of minutes per day on Internet from Monday to Friday after school; Nb min/day Internet WE: number of minutes per day on Internet during the weekend; Nb min/day VG M-F: number of minutes per day playing video games from Monday to Friday after school; Nb min/day VG WE: number of minutes per day playing video games during the weekend; VG: video games; Shoot games: shooting games; Strat games: strategic games; RP games: role-playing games; Sim games: simulation games; Manag games: management games; SD: standard deviation; NS: not significant.