Table 2.
Descriptive statistics for the four clusters
| Variable | Cluster 1 (N = 901, 22.31%) avid binge-watchers | Cluster 2 (N = 1,060, 26.24%) recreational TV series viewers | Cluster 3 (N = 952, 23.57%) unregulated binge-watchers | Cluster 4 (N = 1,126, 27.88%) regulated binge-watchers | F | p | η2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cluster profile | Range | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | |||
| Social motive | 1–4 | 2.26 (0.51)a,b,c | 1.44 (0.40)b,c,d | 1.72 (0.47)a,d | 1.66 (0.46)a,d | 536.81 | <.001 | .28 |
| Emotional enhancement motive | 1–4 | 3.52 (0.35)a,b,c | 2.70 (0.44)b,c,d | 3.31 (0.41)a,d | 3.28 (0.37)a,d | 796.14 | <.001 | .37 |
| Enrichment motive | 1–4 | 3.33 (0.41)a,b,c | 2.54 (0.55)b,c,d | 2.85 (0.51)a,c,d | 3.03 (0.48)a,b,d | 442.65 | <.001 | .25 |
| Coping-escapism motive | 1–4 | 2.85 (0.52)a,c | 1.97 (0.44)b,c,d | 2.80 (0.51)a,c | 2.43 (0.50)a,b,d | 688.35 | <.001 | .34 |
| Negative urgency | 1–4 | 2.62 (0.66)a,b,c | 2.17 (0.61)b,c,d | 2.92 (0.68)a,c,d | 1.76 (0.53)a,b,d | 692.75 | <.001 | .34 |
| Positive urgency | 1–4 | 2.97 (0.51)a,b,c | 2.58 (0.50)b,c,d | 3.17 (0.48)a,c,d | 2.18 (0.48)a,b,d | 814.54 | <.001 | .38 |
| Lack of premeditation | 1–4 | 1.75 (0.46)a,b,c | 1.98 (0.53)b,c,d | 2.44 (0.54)a,c,d | 1.60 (0.45)a,b,d | 537.28 | <.001 | .28 |
| Lack of perseverance | 1–4 | 1.70 (0.55)a,b | 1.80 (0.56)b,d | 2.39 (0.65)a,c,d | 1.74 (0.58)b | 288.69 | <.001 | .18 |
| Sensation seeking | 1–4 | 2.87 (0.62)a,b,c | 2.58 (0.68)c,d | 2.62 (0.68)c,d | 2.20 (0.66)a,b,d | 176.72 | <.001 | .12 |
| Emotional reactivity | 1–5 | 3.12 (0.75)a,b,c | 2.39 (0.69)b,d | 3.33 (0.75)a,c,d | 2.39 (0.69)b,d | 470.64 | <.001 | .26 |
| External correlates | ||||||||
| Age | 18–69 | 23.23 (6.11)a,c | 26.77 (8.88)b,c,d | 23.80 (6.84)a,c | 25.41 (7.46)a,b,d | 45.89 | <.001 | .03 |
| Gender | 1–2 | 1.81 (0.39)a,b | 1.75 (0.43)b,d | 1.87 (0.34)a,c,d | 1.79 (0.41)b | 13.78 | <.001 | .01 |
| Educational level | 1–3 | 2.80 (0.40)a,c | 2.85 (0.36)d | 2.83 (0.37) | 2.85 (0.36)d | 3.98 | .008 | .00 |
| Marital status | 1–4 | 1.55 (0.78)a,c | 1.79 (0.98)b,c,d | 1.54 (0.75)a,c | 1.68 (0.91)a,b,d | 18.21 | <.001 | .01 |
| Viewing frequency | 1–4 | 3.31 (0.72)a,c | 3.06 (0.79)b,c,d | 3.28 (0.73)a | 3.22 (0.73)a,d | 23.16 | <.001 | .02 |
| Hours/working day | 0–6 | 2.61 (1.66)a,c | 2.12 (1.51)b,c,d | 2.65 (1.63)a,c | 2.32 (1.58)a,b,d | 24.52 | <.001 | .02 |
| Hours/day off | 0–6 | 3.93 (1.65)a,c | 3.11 (1.66)b,c,d | 3.96 (1.68)a,c | 3.51 (1.66)a,b,d | 58.99 | <.001 | .04 |
| Number of episodes | 1–7 | 3.87 (1.82)a,c | 3.36 (1.72)b,c,d | 3.97 (1.77)a,c | 3.58 (1.71)a,b,d | 25.27 | <.001 | .02 |
| Number of TV shows watched simultaneously | 1–7 | 4.84 (2.02)a,b | 4.02 (2.08)b,c,d | 4.46 (2.05)a,d | 4.62 (2.05)a | 28.91 | <.001 | .02 |
| Self-perceived dependency | 0–3 | 1.76 (1.01)a,c | 1.00 (0.89)b,c,d | 1.69 (1.04)a,c | 1.36 (1.01)a,b,d | 125.18 | <.001 | .08 |
| Problematic consumption | 0–3 | 0.47 (0.78)a,b,c | 0.21 (0.56)b,d | 0.61 (0.90)a,c,d | 0.29 (0.62)b,d | 64.45 | <.001 | .05 |
| Willingness to change | 0–1 | 0.09 (0.29)b | 0.10 (0.30)b | 0.15 (0.36)a,c,d | 0.09 (0.28)b | 8.97 | <.001 | .01 |
| TV series-watching engagement | 1–4 | 2.69 (0.58)a,b,c | 2.11 (0.52)b,c,d | 2.49 (0.54)a,c,d | 2.42 (0.55)a,b,d | 190.65 | <.001 | .12 |
| TV series-watching-related positive emotions | 1–4 | 3.05 (0.42)a,b,c | 2.60 (0.45)b,c,d | 2.94 (0.42)a,c,d | 2.83 (0.46)a,b,d | 187.29 | <.001 | .12 |
| TV series-watching desire-savoring | 1–4 | 3.36 (0.47)a,b,c | 2.77 (0.56)b,c,d | 3.27 (0.50)a,c,d | 3.05 (0.54)a,b,d | 252.03 | <.001 | .16 |
| TV series-watching pleasure preservation | 1–4 | 2.60 (0.77)a,b,c | 2.09 (0.71)b,c,d | 2.41 (0.73)a,c,d | 2.28 (0.77)a,b,c | 83.62 | <.001 | .06 |
| Binge-watching | 1–4 | 2.73 (0.59)a,c | 2.20 (0.57)b,c,d | 2.75 (0.60)a,c | 2.41 (0.59)a,b,d | 206.66 | <.001 | .13 |
| TV series-watching loss of control | 1–4 | 2.12 (0.65)a,b,c | 1.70 (0.54)b,c,d | 2.20 (0.66)a,c,d | 1.80 (0.57)a,b,d | 162.51 | <.001 | .11 |
| TV series-watching dependency | 1–4 | 1.89 (0.64)a,b,c | 1.36 (0.38)b,c,d | 1.82 (0.59)a,c,d | 1.54 (0.51)a,b,d | 209.64 | <.001 | .13 |
| Negative affect | 1–5 | 2.53 (0.65)a,b,c | 2.06 (0.60)b,d | 2.73 (0.70)a,c,d | 2.13 (0.61)b,d | 247.97 | <.001 | .16 |
| Positive affect | 1–5 | 3.49 (0.52)a,b,c | 3.38 (0.53)b,d | 3.19 (0.56)a,c,d | 3.36 (0.52)b,d | 49.42 | <.001 | .04 |
| Compulsive Internet use | 1–5 | 2.73 (0.75)a,b,c | 2.17 (0.68)b,c,d | 2.86 (0.75)a,c,d | 2.30 (0.71)a,b,d | 204.55 | <.001 | .14 |
| Alcohol-related problems | 0–40 | 5.52 (4.88)b,c | 5.65 (4.64)b,c | 6.77 (5.35)a,c,d | 4.54 (3.90)a,b,d | 36.87 | <.001 | .03 |
Note. aStatistically significant in comparison to cluster 2 (p < .05). bStatistically significant in comparison to cluster 3 (p < .05). cStatistically significant in comparison to cluster 4 (p < .05). dStatistically significant in comparison to cluster 1 (p < .05).