Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Demographics | |
| Age, yr | 66.4 ± 8.3 |
| Male sex, % | 56.3 |
| Race, % | |
| White | 66.1 |
| Black | 29.5 |
| Others | 4.5 |
| Income, % | |
| <$10,000–$19,999 | 35 |
| $20,000–$39,999 | 27 |
| $40,000–$69,999 | 15 |
| >$70,000 | 12 |
| Don’t know/refused | 11 |
| Education, above high school, % | 60.7 |
| Smoking history, pack-years | 51.7 ± 33.6 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 31.3 ± 8.0 |
| Dietary intake | |
| Energy, kcal | 2,039 ± 801 |
| Omega-3, g, median (IQR) | 1.89 (1.29) |
| ALA | 1.60 (1.00) |
| EPA + DHA | 0.20 (0.22) |
| Omega-6, g, median (IQR) | 13.58 (8.06) |
| Omega-6/omega-3 ratio | 7.5 ± 1.7 |
| Respiratory health outcomes | |
| FEV1, % predicted | 54.0 ± 16.9 |
| mMRC score ≥2, % | 49.6 |
| CAT score | 17.2 ± 7.8 |
| SGRQ total | 44.8 ± 17.4 |
| CCQ | 2 ± 1 |
| 6MWD, ft | 773 ± 388 |
| Any exacerbation, %* | 23.2 |
| Severe exacerbation, %* | 9.8 |
Definition of abbreviations: 6MWD = 6-minute-walk distance; ALA = α-linolenic acid; BMI = body mass index; CAT = COPD Assessment Test; CCQ = Clinical COPD Questionnaire; DHA = docosahexaenoic acid; EPA = eicosapentaenoic acid; FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in 1 second; IQR = interquartile range; mMRC = modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale; SGRQ = St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire.
Data are presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise noted.
*
In the 3 months before baseline assessment.