Table 1.
Outcomes for Participants Who Completed the Study
| Variablea | Baseline (n = 18) | 12 Weeks |
6 Months |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Score | Difference in score from baseline | T statistic | p | Score | Difference in score from baseline | T statistic | p | ||
| International Consultation on Incontinence Short Form | |||||||||
| Total score (0–21) | t(17) = −5.90 | ≤0.001 | t(14) = −6.79 | ≤0.001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 10.83 (3.11) | 6.28 (3.46) | −4.56 (3.28) | 6.93 (3.80) | −4.53 (2.59) | ||||
| Range | 6–15 | 3–16 | … | 0–14 | … | ||||
| 95% CI | … | −6.18 to −2.93 | … | −5.97 to −3.10 | |||||
| No. of respondents | 18 | 15 | |||||||
| How often do you leak urine? (0–5) | t(17) = −4.68 | ≤0.001 | t(14) = −3.59 | 0.01 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.72 (0.96) | 2.72 (1.18) | −1.00 (0.91) | 3.00 (1.25) | −0.80 (0.86) | ||||
| Range | 2–5 | 2–5 | … | 1–5 | … | ||||
| 95% CI | … | −1.45 to −0.55 | … | −1.28 to −0.32 | |||||
| No. of respondents | 18 | 15 | |||||||
| How much urine do you usually leak? (0–6) | t(17) = −2.56 | 0.02 | t(14) = −3.06 | 0.01 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 2.33 (0.49) | 2.06 (0.24) | −0.28 (0.46) | 2.00 (0.38) | −0.40 (0.51) | ||||
| Range | 2–3 | 2–3 | … | 1–3 | … | ||||
| 95% CI | … | −0.51 to −0.05 | … | −0.68 to −0.12 | |||||
| No. of respondents | 18 | 15 | |||||||
| Overall, how much does leaking urine interfere with your everyday life? (0–10) | t(17) = −5.80 | ≤0.001 | t(13) = −5.64 | ≤0.001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 5.44 (2.09) | 2.44 (2.31) | −3.00 (2.20) | 3.14 (2.35) | −2.79 (1.85) | ||||
| Range | 2–8 | 0–8 | … | 0–7 | … | ||||
| 95% CI | … | −4.09 to −1.91 | … | −3.85 to −1.71 | |||||
| No. of respondents | 18 | 14 | |||||||
| Medical, Epidemiological, Social Aging | |||||||||
| Urge incontinence score (0–18) | t(17) = −2.36 | 0.03 | t(14) = 0.48 | 0.64 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 4.61 (2.66) | 3.06 (3.26) | −1.56 (2.79) | 5.13 (3.78) | 0.40 (3.22) | ||||
| Range | 1–10 | 0–13 | … | 0–13 | … | ||||
| 95% CI | … | −2.94 to −0.17 | … | −1.39 to 2.19 | |||||
| No. of respondents | 18 | 15 | |||||||
| Stress incontinence score (0–27) | t(17) = −5.69 | <0.001 | t(14) = −2.25 | 0.04 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 13.00 (2.66) | 7.28 (3.64) | −5.72 (4.27) | 10.73 (4.46) | −2.40 (4.14) | ||||
| Range | 10–19 | 2–16 | … | 3–19 | … | ||||
| 95% CI | … | −7.84 to −3.60 | … | −4.69 to −0.11 | |||||
| No. of respondents | 18 | 15 | |||||||
| Linear Analogue Self-Assessment | |||||||||
| In the past week, how would you describe your overall quality of life? (0–10) | t(17) = 1.22 | 0.24 | t(15) = −0.49 | 0.63 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 8.17 (1.29) | 8.61 (1.29) | 0.44 (1.54) | 8.00 (1.46) | −0.19 (1.52) | ||||
| Range | 5–10 | 4–10 | … | 4–10 | … | ||||
| 95% CI | … | −0.32 to 1.21 | … | −0.99 to 0.62 | |||||
| No. of respondents | 18 | 16 | |||||||
| In the past week, how would you describe your overall physical well-being? (0–10) | t(16) = 1.41 | 0.18 | t(14) = 0.00 | >0.99 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 7.06 (1.75) | 7.50 (1.34) | 0.47 (1.37) | 7.25 (1.88) | 0 (2.14) | ||||
| Range | 3–9 | 4–9 | … | 3–9 | … | ||||
| 95% CI | … | −0.24 to 1.18 | … | −1.18 to 1.18 | |||||
| No. of respondents | 17 | 15 | |||||||
| In the past week, how would you describe your overall emotional well-being? (0–10) | t(17) = −0.40 | 0.70 | t(15) = −3.58 | 0.003 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 8.11 (1.41) | 8.00 (1.46) | −0.11 (1.18) | 7.06 (1.88) | −1.13 (1.26) | ||||
| Range | 5–10 | 4–10 | … | 4–10 | … | ||||
| 95% CI | … | −0.70 to 0.48 | … | −1.80 to −0.45 | |||||
| No. of respondents | 18 | 16 | |||||||
| In the past week, how would you describe your overall social well-being? (0–10) | t(17) = 1.77 | 0.10 | t(15) = −0.97 | 0.35 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 7.33 (1.75) | 7.83 (1.50) | 0.50 (1.20) | 7.06 (1.57) | −0.38 (1.54) | ||||
| Range | 4–10 | 4–10 | … | 4–9 | … | ||||
| 95% CI | … | −0.10 to 1.10 | … | −1.20 to 0.45 | |||||
| No. of respondents | 18 | 16 | |||||||
a
For each questionnaire, the range of possible scores is shown parenthetically. Higher scores indicate improved quality-of-life measures.
CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation.