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Study Eligibility Criteria
| Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
|---|---|
| English-speaking adults | Moderate to profound auditory deficits |
| Age 18 or older | Severe progressive medical or neurological comorbidities |
| Chronic pain for ≥3 months | Severe psychiatric disorder |
| Pain impact score of ≥27 (moderate impact)a | Cognitive impairment |
| Current alcohol or drug problem | |
| Currently receiving music therapy services |
Impact score items derived from Deyo et al.35
