Comparison 2. Amniotic membranes sweeping versus vaginal/intracervical prostaglandins.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Spontaneous onset of labour	3	339	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.24 [0.98, 1.57]
2 Induction of labour	2	157	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.90 [0.56, 1.45]
3 Caesarean section	3	339	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.69 [0.44, 1.09]
4 Spontaneous vaginal birth	2	252	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.12 [0.95, 1.32]
5 Maternal death or serious morbidity	1	87	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.93 [0.27, 3.21]
6 Neonatal death or serious neonatal perinatal morbidity	2	269	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.40 [0.12, 1.33]
7 Instrumental vaginal birth	3	339	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.57 [0.59, 4.14]
8 Augmentation of labour	1	87	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.78 [0.47, 1.30]
9 Apgar score less than seven at five minutes	3	339	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.87 [0.13, 5.77]