Comparison 8. Amniotic membranes sweeping versus no treatment/sham (Primiparae/Multiparae).

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Spontaneous onset of labour	17	3170	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.21 [1.08, 1.34]
1.1 Parity ‐ Multiparae	2	361	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.05 [0.92, 1.20]
1.2 Parity ‐ Primiparae	3	447	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.41 [1.15, 1.72]
1.3 Parity ‐ unknown	12	2362	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.20 [1.05, 1.38]
2 Induction of labour	17	3271	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.72 [0.56, 0.92]
2.1 Parity ‐ Primiparae	5	600	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.35 [0.14, 0.85]
2.2 Parity ‐ Multiparae	2	303	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.87 [0.52, 1.47]
2.3 Parity ‐ unknown	11	2368	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.78 [0.58, 1.06]
3 Caesarean section	32	5499	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.93 [0.83, 1.03]
3.1 Primiparae	4	493	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.96 [0.41, 2.21]
3.2 Multiparae	4	585	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.75 [0.48, 1.19]
3.3 Parity ‐ unknown	25	4421	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.92 [0.79, 1.07]
4 Spontaneous vaginal birth	26	4538	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.03 [0.99, 1.07]
4.1 Primiparae	3	424	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.02 [0.89, 1.18]
4.2 Multiparae	4	585	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.20 [0.82, 1.75]
4.3 Parity ‐ unknown	20	3529	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.03 [0.99, 1.07]
5 Maternal death or serious morbidity	17	2749	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.83 [0.57, 1.20]
5.1 Parity ‐ Primiparae	2	169	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
5.2 Parity ‐ Multiparae	0	0	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
5.3 Parity ‐ unknown	15	2580	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.83 [0.57, 1.20]
6 Neonatal death or serious neonatal perinatal morbidity	18	3696	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.83 [0.59, 1.17]
6.1 Parity ‐ Primiparae	1	100	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.57 [0.18, 1.83]
6.2 Parity ‐ Multiparae	0	0	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
6.3 Parity ‐ unknown	17	3596	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.86 [0.60, 1.23]