Table 3.

Analysis of related factors with DR, adjusted for age, BMI and smoking status

Factors	B	SE	Wald χ2	P value	OR	95% CI
Sex	0.099	0.228	0.190	0.663	1.104	0.707 to 1.726
Hypertension	0.252	0.175	2.080	0.149	1.287	0.914 to 1.812
Drinking history	0.131	0.222	0.351	0.554	1.140	0.739 to 1.761
HbA1c	0.006	0.038	0.022	0.882	1.006	0.934 to 1.083
BMI (≥28 vs <28 kg/m2)	−0.524	0.183	8.230	0.004	0.592	0.414 to 0.847
Family history of DM	−0.162	0.173	0.877	0.349	0.850	0.606 to 1.194
Age of DM diagnosis (years)			6.126	0.047
<50	–	–	–	–	1	–
50–60	−0.092	0.216	0.183	0.669	0.912	0.597 to 1.393
≥60	−0.518	0.229	5.124	0.024	0.596	0.381 to 0.933
Smoking status			4.658	0.097
Non-smoking	–	–	–	–	1	–
Light and moderate smoking	0.097	0.252	−0.149	0.700	1.102	0.673 to 1.806
Heavy smoking	0.509	0.251	4.104	0.043	1.664	1.017 to 2.724
Constant	−1.407	0.574	6.016	0.014	0.245

BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; DR, diabetic retinopathy; HbA1c, haemoglobin A1c.