Table 3.
Predictors of practice of nutrition interventions—unadjusted models (coefficients represent marginal effects, weighted)
| Early breast feeding | Dietary diversity | Full vaccination | Iodine supplement | Vitamin A supplement | Iron supplement | Deworming | Clean cooking fuel | Improved sanitation | Improved water | |
| Child characteristics | ||||||||||
| Child is male | −0.010** (0.004) | −0.003 (0.003) | 0.001 (0.002) | −0.005 (0.004) | 0.001 (0.004) | −0.002 (0.003) | 0.004 (0.004) | −0.000 (0.003) | −0.002 (0.002) | −0.002 (0.002) |
| Child’s age in months | 0.000*** (0.000) | 0.001*** (0.000) | −0.005*** (0.000) | −0.000 (0.000) | 0.003*** (0.000) | 0.000*** (0.000) | 0.005*** (0.000) | 0.000 (0.000) | 0.000** (0.000) | 0.000** (0.000) |
| Fever within past 2 weeks | −0.056*** (0.006) | 0.010*** (0.004) | 0.013*** (0.003) | −0.008* (0.005) | 0.029*** (0.005) | 0.035*** (0.005) | 0.063*** (0.006) | −0.017*** (0.004) | −0.023*** (0.003) | −0.023*** (0.003) |
| Diarrhoea within past 2 weeks | −0.064*** (0.007) | 0.009** (0.004) | 0.015*** (0.003) | −0.003 (0.005) | 0.007 (0.006) | 0.016*** (0.005) | 0.020*** (0.007) | −0.026*** (0.004) | −0.025*** (0.004) | −0.025*** (0.004) |
| Child is second born | 0.020*** (0.005) | 0.005 (0.003) | 0.013*** (0.003) | −0.005 (0.005) | 0.018***(0.004) | 0.014*** (0.003) | 0.019*** (0.005) | 0.022*** (0.003) | 0.021*** (0.003) | 0.021*** (0.003) |
| Child is third born | 0.012** (0.006) | 0.006 (0.004) | −0.001 (0.003) | 0.000 (0.004) | 0.016*** (0.005) | 0.013*** (0.003) | 0.014** (0.005) | 0.010*** (0.004) | 0.011*** (0.003) | 0.011*** (0.003) |
| Child is fourth born or above | 0.012** (0.005) | −0.016*** (0.004) | −0.023*** (0.002) | 0.005 (0.004) | −0.025*** (0.004) | −0.025*** (0.003) | −0.030*** (0.005) | −0.040*** (0.003) | −0.042*** (0.003) | −0.042*** |
| Maternal characteristics | ||||||||||
| Low maternal BMI | −0.041*** (0.009) | −0.014** (0.007) | −0.017*** (0.003) | −0.015** (0.007) | −0.058*** (0.007) | −0.012* (0.007) | −0.059*** (0.008) | −0.032*** (0.004) | −0.051*** (0.005) | −0.051*** (0.005) |
| Mother’s age | 0.002*** (0.000) | 0.001*** (0.000) | −0.002*** (0.000) | 0.001*** (0.000) | 0.004*** (0.000) | 0.001*** (0.000) | 0.005*** (0.000) | 0.001*** (0.000) | 0.001*** (0.000) | 0.001*** (0.000) |
| Mother’s age at first birth | 0.003*** (0.001) | 0.005*** (0.000) | 0.005*** (0.000) | 0.001 (0.001) | 0.013*** (0.001) | 0.006*** (0.000) | 0.011*** (0.001) |
0.010*** (0.001) | 0.011*** (0.001) | 0.011*** (0.001) |
| Mother has primary/incomplete secondary education | 0.040*** (0.007) | 0.037*** (0.005) | 0.044*** (0.003) | 0.002 (0.007) | 0.104*** (0.006) | 0.058*** (0.005) | 0.092*** (0.007) | 0.046*** (0.005) | 0.075*** (0.005) | 0.075*** (0.005) |
| Mother has secondary or higher education | 0.059*** (0.011) | 0.131*** (0.009) | 0.112*** (0.006) | 0.040*** (0.010) | 0.254*** (0.012) | 0.108*** (0.008) | 0.222*** (0.008) | 0.188*** (0.016) | 0.276*** (0.014) | 0.276*** (0.014) |
| Household characteristics | ||||||||||
| Second wealth quintile | −0.029*** (0.008) | −0.037*** (0.004) | −0.030*** (0.003) | −0.025*** (0.007) | −0.093*** (0.006) | −0.050*** (0.004) | −0.088*** (0.006) | −0.063*** (0.004) | −0.116*** (0.005) | −0.116*** (0.005) |
| Third wealth quintile | 0.004 (0.007) | −0.023*** (0.004) | −0.003 (0.003) | −0.006 (0.007) | −0.028*** (0.006) | −0.008 (0.006) | −0.022*** (0.006) | −0.054*** (0.005) | −0.032*** (0.005) | −0.032*** (0.005) |
| Fourth wealth quintile | 0.035*** (0.007) | 0.026*** (0.005) | 0.033*** (0.003) | 0.029*** (0.007) | 0.073*** (0.007) | 0.037*** (0.006) | 0.068*** (0.007) | 0.018*** (0.005) | 0.114*** (0.006) | 0.114*** (0.006) |
| Fifth wealth quintile | 0.057*** (0.008) | 0.099*** (0.006) | 0.063*** (0.004) | 0.066*** (0.007) | 0.187*** (0.008) | 0.084*** (0.006) | 0.165*** (0.007) | 0.191*** (0.010) | 0.351*** (0.009) | 0.351*** (0.009) |
| Female household head | 0.013 (0.010) | 0.009 (0.008) | −0.004 (0.003) | −0.013*** (0.000) | 0.035*** (0.008) | 0.029*** (0.007) | 0.042*** (0.009) | 0.012** (0.006) | 0.022*** (0.007) | 0.022*** (0.007) |
| Urban location | 0.042*** (0.007) | 0.069*** (0.005) | 0.050*** (0.003) | 0.049*** (0.007) | 0.135*** (0.007) | 0.067*** (0.006) | 0.134*** (0.007) | 0.128*** (0.008) | 0.263*** (0.007) | 0.263*** (0.007) |
| Number of children in the household | 0.001 (0.002) | −0.008*** (0.001) | −0.005*** (0.001) | 0.013*** (0.002) | −0.018*** (0.002) | −0.012*** (0.001) | −0.022*** (0.002) | −0.013*** (0.001) | −0.007*** (0.001) | −0.007*** (0.001) |
| Christian (reference Muslim) | 0.054*** (0.008) | 0.051*** (0.004) | 0.066*** (0.003) | −0.030*** (0.008) | 0.177*** (0.008) | 0.080*** (0.004) | 0.173*** (0.006) | 0.070*** (0.011) | 0.044*** (0.008) | 0.044*** (0.008) |
| Traditional religion | 0.005 (0.014) | −0.036*** (0.006) | −0.036*** (0.005) | −0.016 (0.015) | −0.057*** (0.011) | −0.051*** (0.011) | −0.067*** (0.024) | −0.049*** (0.004) | −0.138*** (0.009) | −0.138*** (0.009) |
| Religion unknown or other | 0.024 (0.015) | −0.005 (0.006) | −0.009* (0.005) | −0.013 (0.019) | −0.126*** (0.013) | −0.020 (0.013) | −0.044* (0.023) | −0.035*** (0.006) | 0.013 (0.011) | 0.013 (0.011) |
| Number of observations | 237 660 | 201 105 | 320 706 | 122 581 | 258 470 | 163 146 | 165 377 | 240 622 | 320 706 | 320 706 |
Note: SEs are shown in parentheses. ***, ** and * indicate statistical significance at the 1%, 5% and 10% level.
BMI, body mass index.