Table 4.
Predictors of practice of nutrition interventions—fully adjusted models with PSU fixed effects (coefficients represent marginal effects, weighted)
| Early breast feeding | Dietary diversity | Full vaccination | Iodine supplement | Vitamin A supplement | Iron supplement | Deworming | Clean cooking fuel | Improved sanitation | Improved water | |
| Child- level characteristics | ||||||||||
| Child is male | −0.008* (0.005) | −0.005 (0.003) | −0.000 (0.002) | −0.001 (0.003) | 0.000 (0.004) | −0.001 (0.003) | −0.000 (0.004) | 0.001 (0.001) | −0.001 (0.002) | 0.001 (0.002) |
| Child’s age in months | 0.000 (0.000) | 0.002*** (0.000) | −0.004*** (0.000) | −0.000 (0.000) | 0.003*** (0.000) | 0.000*** (0.000) | 0.005*** (0.000) | 0.000 (0.000) | −0.000 (0.000) | 0.000 (0.000) |
| Fever within past 2 weeks | −0.030*** (0.006) | 0.009** (0.005) | 0.007*** (0.003) | −0.003 (0.004) | 0.046*** (0.005) | 0.037*** (0.004) | 0.057*** (0.006) | −0.001 (0.002) | −0.005* (0.003) | −0.003 (0.004) |
| Diarrhoea within past 2 weeks | −0.033*** (0.007) | 0.018*** (0.005) | 0.001 (0.003) | 0.004 (0.005) | 0.044*** (0.006) | 0.022*** (0.005) | 0.061*** (0.007) | 0.002 (0.002) | 0.002 (0.003) | −0.004 (0.004) |
| Child is second born | 0.059*** (0.007) | 0.005 (0.004) | −0.003 (0.004) | −0.006 (0.006) | 0.014** (0.006) | 0.009** (0.004) | 0.010* (0.006) | 0.000 (0.002) | −0.004 (0.003) | 0.002 (0.004) |
| Child is third born | 0.060*** (0.009) | 0.013** (0.006) | −0.010** (0.004) | 0.002 (0.007) | 0.021*** (0.007) | 0.012** (0.005) | 0.013* (0.007) | 0.001 (0.003) | −0.007* (0.004) | −0.001 (0.005) |
| Child is fourth born or above | 0.069*** (0.010) | 0.018** (0.008) | −0.012*** (0.005) | 0.001 (0.009) | 0.027*** (0.008) | 0.010 (0.007) | 0.019** (0.009) | −0.000 (0.004) | −0.007 (0.005) | −0.015** (0.006) |
| Maternal characteristics | ||||||||||
| Low maternal BMI | −0.010 (0.009) | 0.014* (0.007) | −0.003 (0.003) | 0.004 (0.006) | 0.001 (0.007) | 0.008 (0.006) | −0.002 (0.007) | −0.004 (0.002) | 0.000 (0.004) | 0.002 (0.006) |
| Mother’s age | −0.001 (0.001) | −0.001 (0.000) | −0.000 (0.000) | 0.001* (0.001) | 0.000 (0.001) | −0.001 (0.000) | 0.000 (0.001) | −0.001*** (0.000) | 0.000 (0.000) | 0.001** (0.000) |
| Mother’s age at first birth | 0.001 (0.001) | 0.001 (0.001) | 0.001*** (0.000) | −0.001 (0.001) | 0.003*** (0.001) | 0.001 (0.001) | 0.002** (0.001) | 0.002*** (0.000) | 0.001 (0.001) | −0.001** (0.001) |
| Mother has primary/incompletet secondary education | 0.008 (0.009) | 0.024*** (0.007) | 0.017*** (0.004) | 0.009 (0.008) | 0.049*** (0.008) | 0.027*** (0.005) | 0.032*** (0.009) | 0.016*** (0.003) | 0.011** (0.005) | −0.002 (0.006) |
| Mother has secondary or higher education | 0.017 (0.013) | 0.066*** (0.012) | 0.048*** (0.007) | 0.025** (0.011) | 0.096*** (0.012) | 0.040*** (0.008) | 0.070*** (0.011) | 0.063*** (0.010) | 0.045*** (0.008) | −0.010 (0.009) |
| Household characteristics | ||||||||||
| Second wealth quintile | 0.025** (0.010) | 0.003 (0.007) | 0.003 (0.004) | 0.007 (0.008) | −0.003 (0.009) | 0.002 (0.005) | −0.004 (0.007) | 0.000 (0.001) | 0.067*** (0.005) | 0.053*** (0.007) |
| Third wealth quintile | 0.024** (0.010) | 0.005 (0.007) | 0.012** (0.005) | 0.011 (0.009) | 0.021** (0.009) | 0.017** (0.008) | 0.012 (0.009) | 0.004* (0.002) | 0.110*** (0.006) | 0.092*** (0.008) |
| Fourth wealth quintile | 0.043*** (0.011) | 0.030*** (0.009) | 0.020*** (0.005) | 0.012 (0.011) | 0.051*** (0.010) | 0.016** (0.008) | 0.022** (0.010) | 0.013*** (0.004) | 0.184*** (0.007) | 0.149*** (0.010) |
| Fifth wealth quintile | 0.063*** (0.013) | 0.063*** (0.011) | 0.029*** (0.006) | 0.023* (0.013) | 0.088*** (0.011) | 0.037*** (0.009) | 0.048*** (0.012) | 0.064*** (0.007) | 0.304*** (0.011) | 0.196*** (0.011) |
| Female household head | −0.003 (0.011) | −0.003 (0.010) | −0.010*** (0.004) | −0.008 (0.009) | −0.001 (0.008) | 0.011 (0.008) | 0.001 (0.009) | 0.002 (0.003) | 0.010* (0.006) | 0.027*** (0.006) |
| Number of children in the household | 0.006*** (0.002) | −0.009*** (0.001) | 0.000 (0.001) | 0.009*** (0.002) | −0.004* (0.002) | −0.004** (0.002) | −0.008*** (0.002) | −0.001 (0.001) | 0.003** (0.001) | 0.006*** (0.002) |
| Christian (reference Muslim) | 0.001 (0.009) | 0.013** (0.006) | 0.007 (0.005) | −0.001 (0.009) | 0.021** (0.011) | 0.020*** (0.007) | 0.026*** (0.008) | 0.014** (0.006) | −0.004 (0.005) | 0.001 (0.006) |
| Traditional religion | −0.007 (0.014) | 0.007 (0.007) | −0.018*** (0.006) | 0.007 (0.016) | −0.002 (0.014) | 0.000 (0.015) | −0.006 (0.016) | −0.001 (0.007) | −0.011 (0.008) | −0.010 (0.010) |
| Religion unknown or other | −0.017 (0.018) | −0.001 (0.011) | −0.029*** (0.009) | 0.012 (0.021) | 0.013 (0.016) | 0.013 (0.014) | −0.006 (0.021) | 0.009 (0.006) | −0.016 (0.012) | −0.024 (0.016) |
| Number of observations | 209 822 | 169 614 | 272 238 | 116 325 | 216 664 | 125 972 | 129 082 | 201 519 | 272 238 | 272 238 |
Note: SEs are shown in parentheses. ***, ** and * indicate statistical significance at the 1%, 5% and 10% level.
BMI, body mass index.