Table 3.

Sample theories of change based on the IoCM to inform SGM practice guideline implementation strategies

Type and example of theory	Description
Sample theories pertinent to individual provider/staff
Cognitive Decision-Making Theory	Provision of a convincing argument as to why it is worth the time and cost to make services more appropriate for SGM patients.
Motivational Theory of Planned Behaviour Social Learning Theory	Determine expectations of outcomes from implementing SGM practice guidelines and assess whether the expected outcomes are desirable to stakeholders. Increase perceived social norms for guideline adherence while supporting providers/staff.
Sample theories pertinent to social and practice setting
Social Network and Influence	Opinion leaders, formal/informal leaders and significant peers share views and model implementation of SGM practice guidelines (also see Social Learning Theory).
Theories on Teamwork	Encourage team collaboration to create a better environment for SGM populations. The team sets goals and targets and reviews process together regularly.
Theories on Professionalism	Appeal to sense of professional identity/standards (eg, use recommendations from American Medical Association for physicians and from the American Nursing Association for nurses).
Sample theories pertinent to organisational context
Theory of Quality Management	Assumes inadequate performance is an organisational failure requiring strong leadership and organisational changes. Organisations set improvement goals and collaborate to reach goals.
Theories of Organisational Culture	Recognise organisational cultures shape work performance and can be altered to achieve an innovation-centred culture to improve performance and stimulate improvements in patient care.

IoCM, Implementation of Change Model; SGM, sexual and gender minority.