Table 1.
Maternal characteristics | Overall | Absence of both anxiety and depression | Presence of anxiety only | Presence of depression only | Presence of both anxiety and depression |
p value |
(n=5297) | n=4294 (82.1%) | n=312 (6.0%) | n=220 (4.2%) | n=402 (7.7%) | ||
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||
Maternal age | 0.006 | |||||
<35 years | 4117 (79.2) | 3333 (79.0) | 261 (84.5) | 156 (72.6) | 315 ((81.6) | |
≥35 years | 1079 (20.8) | 886 (21.0) | 48 (15.5) | 59 (27.4) | 71 (18.4) | |
Marital status | ||||||
Single/divorced/separated | 262 (5.1) | 168 (3.9) | 22 (7.2) | 25 (11.5) | 47 (11.8) | <0.0001 |
Married/common-law | 4916 (94.9) | 4080 (96.1) | 284 (92.8) | 193 (88.5) | 351 (88.2) | |
Ethnicity | <0.0001 | |||||
Non-white | 1087 (21.0) | 807 (19.0) | 68 (22.2) | 67 (30.9) | 143 (36.1) | |
White/Caucasian | 4085 (79.0) | 3437 (80.9) | 239 (77.9) | 150 (69.1) | 253 (63.9) | |
Duration of stay in Canada | <0.0001 | |||||
Born/5 years+ | 473 (9.3) | 3841 (91.6) | 275 (89.9) | 185 (87.3) | 329 (84.4) | |
<5 years | 4636 (90.7) | 352 (8.4) | 31 (10.1) | 27 (12.7) | 61 (15.6) | |
Body mass index | 0.002 | |||||
Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 214 (4.3) | 170 (4.2) | 12 (4.1) | 11 (5.3) | 21 (5.6) | |
Normal weight (18.5–24.99 kg/m2) | 3084 (62.5) | 2552 (63.2) | 172 (58.5) | 125 (59.8) | 220 (58.4) | |
Overweight (25–29.99 kg/m2) | 1066 (21.6) | 882 (21.9) | 59 (20.1) | 50 (23.9) | 73 (19.4) | |
Obesity (≥30 kg/m2) | 574 (11.6) | 432 (10.7) | 51 (17.4) | 23 (11.0) | 63 (16.7) | |
Parity | <0.0001 | |||||
Primiparous | 2649 (51.3) | 2135 (50.3) | 199 (64.6) | 106 (48.8) | 205 (51.9) | |
Multiparous | 2518 (48.7) | 2106 (49.7) | 109 (35.4) | 111 (51.2) | 190 (48.1) | |
Unintended pregnancy | 1011 (19.5) | 742 (17.4) | 70 (22.6) | 72 (32.9) | 122 (30.7) | <0.0001 |
Smoked before pregnancy | 1095 (21.1) | 822 (19.3) | 86 (27.9) | 61 (28.0) | 123 (30.9) | <0.0001 |
Alcohol consumption before pregnancy | 4363 (84.1) | 3603 (84.7) | 268 (87.0) | 181 (82.7) | 305 (76.6) | <0.0001 |
Drug abuse before pregnancy | 750 (14.5) | 561 (13.2) | 61 (19.9) | 44 (20.4) | 83 (20.8) | <0.0001 |
Maternal education | <0.0001 | |||||
High school or less than high school | 613 (11.9) | 451 (10.6) | 49 (16.2) | 42 (19.4) | 68 (17.3) | |
Some postsecondary | 859 (16.7) | 669 (15.8) | 57 (18.9) | 35 (16.2) | 96 (24.4) | |
Completed postsecondary | 3688 (71.5) | 3121 (73.6) | 196 (64.9) | 139 (64.4) | 229 (58.3) | |
Household income | 477 (9.4) | <0.0001 | ||||
<$40 000 | 723 (14.3) | 325 (7.8) | 25 (8.4) | 40 (18.6) | 85 (22.0) | |
$40 000–<$70 000 | 1204 (23.8) | 542 (13.0) | 53 (17.8) | 43 (20.0) | 83 (21.5) | |
$70 000–<$100 000 | 2659 (52.5) | 989 (23.8) | 76 (25.5) | 52 (24.2) | 85 (22.0) | |
≥$100 000 | 2301 (55.4) | 144 (48.3) | 80 (37.2) | 133 (34.5) | ||
Inadequate social support anytime during pregnancy | 1148 (22.1) | 731 (17.1) | 77 (25.0) | 127 (57.4) | 210 (52.4) | <0.0001 |
Neighbourhood deprivation index | <0.0001 | |||||
Quintile 1 (least deprived) | 1323 (27.1) | 1108 (27.7) | 68 (24.3) | 51 (24.9) | 80 (22.4) | |
Quintile 2 | 1259 (25.8) | 1045 (26.1) | 82 (29.3) | 41 (20.0) | 83 (23.2) | |
Quintile 3 | 972 (19.9) | 800 (20.0) | 64 (22.9) | 39 (19.0) | 65 (18.2) | |
Quintile 4 | 736 (15.1) | 618 (15.5 | 37 (13.2) | 30 (14.6) | 47 (13.1) | |
Quintile 5 (most deprived) | 595 (12.2) | 429 (10.7) | 29 (10.4) | 44 (21.5) | 83 (23.2) | |
Preterm birth | 356 (7.3) | 276 (6.9) | 19 (6.5) | 16 (8.2) | 37 (10.6) | 0.068 |
Sample size between variables differs as missing values were deleted using variable-wise or pair-wise deletion approach.