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. 2020 Feb 10;10(2):e031035. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031035

Table 1.

Distribution of maternal characteristics across anxiety and depression status during pregnancy

Maternal characteristics Overall Absence of both anxiety and depression Presence of anxiety only Presence of depression only Presence of both anxiety and depression graphic file with name bmjopen-2019-031035f01.jpg
p value
(n=5297) n=4294 (82.1%) n=312 (6.0%) n=220 (4.2%) n=402 (7.7%)
N (%) N (%) N (%) N (%) N (%)
Maternal age 0.006
 <35 years 4117 (79.2) 3333 (79.0) 261 (84.5) 156 (72.6) 315 ((81.6)
 ≥35 years 1079 (20.8) 886 (21.0) 48 (15.5) 59 (27.4) 71 (18.4)
Marital status
 Single/divorced/separated 262 (5.1) 168 (3.9) 22 (7.2) 25 (11.5) 47 (11.8) <0.0001
 Married/common-law 4916 (94.9) 4080 (96.1) 284 (92.8) 193 (88.5) 351 (88.2)
Ethnicity <0.0001
 Non-white 1087 (21.0) 807 (19.0) 68 (22.2) 67 (30.9) 143 (36.1)
 White/Caucasian 4085 (79.0) 3437 (80.9) 239 (77.9) 150 (69.1) 253 (63.9)
Duration of stay in Canada <0.0001
 Born/5 years+ 473 (9.3) 3841 (91.6) 275 (89.9) 185 (87.3) 329 (84.4)
 <5 years 4636 (90.7) 352 (8.4) 31 (10.1) 27 (12.7) 61 (15.6)
Body mass index 0.002
 Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) 214 (4.3) 170 (4.2) 12 (4.1) 11 (5.3) 21 (5.6)
 Normal weight (18.5–24.99 kg/m2) 3084 (62.5) 2552 (63.2) 172 (58.5) 125 (59.8) 220 (58.4)
 Overweight (25–29.99 kg/m2) 1066 (21.6) 882 (21.9) 59 (20.1) 50 (23.9) 73 (19.4)
 Obesity (≥30 kg/m2) 574 (11.6) 432 (10.7) 51 (17.4) 23 (11.0) 63 (16.7)
Parity <0.0001
 Primiparous 2649 (51.3) 2135 (50.3) 199 (64.6) 106 (48.8) 205 (51.9)
 Multiparous 2518 (48.7) 2106 (49.7) 109 (35.4) 111 (51.2) 190 (48.1)
Unintended pregnancy 1011 (19.5) 742 (17.4) 70 (22.6) 72 (32.9) 122 (30.7) <0.0001
Smoked before pregnancy 1095 (21.1) 822 (19.3) 86 (27.9) 61 (28.0) 123 (30.9) <0.0001
Alcohol consumption before pregnancy 4363 (84.1) 3603 (84.7) 268 (87.0) 181 (82.7) 305 (76.6) <0.0001
Drug abuse before pregnancy 750 (14.5) 561 (13.2) 61 (19.9) 44 (20.4) 83 (20.8) <0.0001
Maternal education <0.0001
 High school or less than high school 613 (11.9) 451 (10.6) 49 (16.2) 42 (19.4) 68 (17.3)
 Some postsecondary 859 (16.7) 669 (15.8) 57 (18.9) 35 (16.2) 96 (24.4)
 Completed postsecondary 3688 (71.5) 3121 (73.6) 196 (64.9) 139 (64.4) 229 (58.3)
Household income 477 (9.4) <0.0001
 <$40 000 723 (14.3) 325 (7.8) 25 (8.4) 40 (18.6) 85 (22.0)
 $40 000–<$70 000 1204 (23.8) 542 (13.0) 53 (17.8) 43 (20.0) 83 (21.5)
 $70 000–<$100 000 2659 (52.5) 989 (23.8) 76 (25.5) 52 (24.2) 85 (22.0)
 ≥$100 000 2301 (55.4) 144 (48.3) 80 (37.2) 133 (34.5)
Inadequate social support anytime during pregnancy 1148 (22.1) 731 (17.1) 77 (25.0) 127 (57.4) 210 (52.4) <0.0001
Neighbourhood deprivation index <0.0001
 Quintile 1 (least deprived) 1323 (27.1) 1108 (27.7) 68 (24.3) 51 (24.9) 80 (22.4)
 Quintile 2 1259 (25.8) 1045 (26.1) 82 (29.3) 41 (20.0) 83 (23.2)
 Quintile 3 972 (19.9) 800 (20.0) 64 (22.9) 39 (19.0) 65 (18.2)
 Quintile 4 736 (15.1) 618 (15.5 37 (13.2) 30 (14.6) 47 (13.1)
 Quintile 5 (most deprived) 595 (12.2) 429 (10.7) 29 (10.4) 44 (21.5) 83 (23.2)
Preterm birth 356 (7.3) 276 (6.9) 19 (6.5) 16 (8.2) 37 (10.6) 0.068

Sample size between variables differs as missing values were deleted using variable-wise or pair-wise deletion approach.