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. 2020 Feb 2;10(1):e033296. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033296

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Period prevalence (with 95% CI) of pre-pregnancy weight >91 kg (Weight > 91 kg), gestational diabetes (GD), smoking and substance use during pregnancy across socioeconomic status (SES) quintiles in urban and rural settings. Footnote: the linear gradient for the prevalence by health outcome across the SES quintiles was tested using regression analysis. The p value for the linear gradient was incorporated into the graph when it was statistically significant (p<0.05). Note that the y-axis scaling (%) differs among the different panels.