. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: Clin Immunol. 2020 Jan 8;211:108342. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108342

Table 5.

Associations Between Disease Duration and Cytokine Expression After Activation of PBMCs With Immunostimulants

		Association

Time	Stimulant	Positive	Negative

Visit 1	CD3/CD28	IL-5^**	…
	PHA	…	…
	PMA/Ion	Factor 1^, factor 3^, IL-10^, IL-12^, IL-6^, IL-17^, GM-CSF^, IL-4^,IL-5^, MIP-1β^**a
	SEA/SEB	Factor 1^, IL-5^*, IL-17^, GM-CSF^, MCP-1^a	…
	CpG	IL-12^a, IL-8^a	Factor 1^, G-CSF^, IL-1β^, MIP-1β^, IL-17^*a
	Medium	…	Factor 1^, factor 3^, G-CSF^, IFN-γ^, IL-1β^, IL-5^, TNF-α^, IL-6^, IL-17^, GM-CSF^, MCP-1^, IL-2^a, IL-10^**a
Change between visits	CD3/CD28	…	IL-5^, GM-CSF^
	PHA	IL-17^*	…
	PMA/Ion	…	Factor 1^, factor 3^, IL-10^, IL-6^, IL-17^, GM-CSF^*, IFN-γ^a, MIP-1β^a,IL-4^
	SEA/SEB		Factor 1^*, factor 2^, IL-1β^*, IL-17^, TNF-α^*, IL-5^, GM- CSF^**, MIP-1β^, IFN-Y^*a, MCP-1^a
	CpG	Factor 1^*, G-CSF^, MIP-1β^, IL-17^a	…
	Medium	Factor 1^, G-CSF^, IL-1β^**, IL-5^, TNF-α^, IL-6^, IL-17^, GM-CSF^, MCP-1^, MIP-1β^, IL-10^a	…
Visit 2	CD3/CD28	…	GM-CSF^*
	PHA	…	IFN-γ^*, IL-13^
	PMA/Ion	…	IL-6^**, GM-CSF^, MIP-1β^*a
	SEA/SEB	…	Factor 1^, factor 2^, IL-1β^, GM-CSF^, LFN-γ^*a
	CpG	Factor 1^*	IFN-γ^**, IL-5^
	Medium	IL-1β^, IL-6^, IL-17^, GM-CSF^, MIP-1β^	Factor 2^*

Abbreviations: CD3/CD28, anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 microbeads; CpG, cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligonucleotide ODN2006; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; MCP, monocyte chemoattractant protein; Medium, RPMI 1640 medium with 10% fetal calf serum; MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; PHA, phytohemagglutinin; PMA/Ion, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate–ionomycin; SEA/SEB, staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

Cytokine that was not loaded into a factor at 0.5 or more.

P<.05.

^**

P≤.01.

^***

P≤.001.