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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Feb 27.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2018 Jul 18;560(7716):102–106. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0353-2

Figure 4: Elevation of systemic succinate stimulates UCP1-dependent thermogenesis in vivo and protects against obesity.

Figure 4:

a, Body mass change during high-fat feeding ± sodium succinate (0% n = 35; 1% n = 26; 1.5% n = 18; 0% n = 24; 2% n = 22; pair fed n = 18). b, Body composition of mice following 4 weeks high-fat feeding ± low (n = 35; 1% n = 26; 1.5% n = 18) and high succinate (n = 24; 2% n = 22; pair fed n = 18). c, Mouse whole-body energy expenditure during 4 weeks high-fat feeding ± low (n = 35; 1% n = 26; 1.5% n = 18) and high succinate (n = 24; 2% n = 22; pair fed n = 18). d, Blood glucose parameters following 4 weeks high-fat feeding ± succinate (n = 9). e,f Change in (e) body mass and (f) body composition during high-fat feeding in UCP1+/− and UCP1KO mice ± 1.5% sodium succinate (n = 18; UCP1+/− 1.5% n = 17; UCP1KO n = 13; UCP1KO 1.5% n = 15; two-tailed pairwise). a,d(right),e, two-way ANOVA; b,c,d(left) one-way ANOVA; f, two-sided t-test; data are mean of biologically independent samples ± s.e.m.